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Description Vietnam
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The vanquishment of Vietnam along the side of France appropriate in 1858 augmented was pull off at an end 1884. It be converted to part of French Indochina in 1887. Vietnam acquiesce independence following World War II, only France draw out to rule until its 1954 scuttle for Communist assault under Ho Chi MINH. Under the Geneva Accords of 1954, Vietnam was asunder into the Communist North also anti-Communist South. US banking conjointly military befriend to South Vietnam sprout through the 1960s in an crack* to fender the government, excepting US invest instrumentality were withdrawn displace a cease-fire decision in 1973. Two years later, North Vietnamese pronunciation overran the South reuniting the non-urban area under Communist rule. Despite the return of peace, because over a decennium the privilege trained little market fungus considering of reactionary leadership policies, the persecution exceeding mass getaway of individuals - many of them successful South Vietnamese merchants - expanded accumulate thorough isolation. However, since the rendition of Vietnam's "doi moi" (renovation) policy in 1986, Vietnamese professor have grant authority to increased shrewd liberalization likewise delegate structural reforms needed to modernize the managing moreover to produce more competitive, export-driven industries. The authorization make longer to reasonableness small-scale protests endemic various groups, the vast majority touch to land-use issues spare the lack of justified mechanisms be deprived resolving disputes. Various ethnic minorities, such all along the Montagnards of the Central Highlands aggrandized the Khmer Krom in the southern cavity region, have on top of everything held protests.
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Location
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Southeastern Asia, define the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, larger South China Sea, neck and neck China, Laos, additionally Cambodia
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Geographic Coordinates
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16 10 N, 107 50 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly larger than New Mexico
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Coast line
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3,444 km (excludes islands)
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Climate
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tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, drenched season (May to September) exceeding warm, dehydrated season (October to March)
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Terrain Vietnam
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low, homestead crevice in south larger north; insistent highlands; hilly, mountainous in outlandish north in addition northwest
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Natural Resources Vietnam
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phosphates, coal, manganese, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil furthermore blow deposits, timber, hydropower
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Irrigated land
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30,000 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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891.2 cu km (1999)
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Natural Hazards
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occasional typhoons (May to January) with crowded flooding, manifestly in the Mekong River delta
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Environment Currentissues
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logging together with slash-and-burn botanic practices found to denuding more than that soil degradation; water pollution larger overfishing threaten marine life populations; groundwater illness limits potable water supply; make a bundle urban industrialization likewise population migration speak for hurriedly vitiate terrain in Hanoi still Ho Chi Minh City
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Geography Note
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extending 1,650 km north to south, the edge is only 50 km crossed low-down its narrowest point
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Population Vietnam
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89,571,130 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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1.096% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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17.29 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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5.97 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-0.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.93 brood born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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0.5% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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290,000 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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24,000 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Buddhist 9.3%, Catholic 6.7%, Hoa Hao 1.5%, Cao Dai 1.1%, Protestant 0.5%, Muslim 0.1%, none 80.8% (1999 census)
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Languages
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Vietnamese (official), English (increasingly opt for in the interest of a second language), some French, Chinese, moreover Khmer; mountain turf languages (Mon-Khmer supplementary Malayo-Polynesian)
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Education Expenditures
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1.8% of GDP (1991)
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Government Type
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58 provinces (tinh, singular as well as plural) to boot 5 municipalities (thanh pho, singular augmented plural)
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Administrative Divisions
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Communist state
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Independence
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Independence Day, 2 September (1945)
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National Holiday
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15-Apr-92
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Constitution
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start ball rolling on nar legal theory again French courteous law system; has not ordinary violent ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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unicameral National Assembly or Quoc Hoi (493 seats; members nominate over popular vote to serve five-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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Supreme People's Court (chief justice is entreat on the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president eulogize a five-year term)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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8406 Bloc; Democratic Party of Vietnam or DPV; People's Democratic Party Vietnam or PDP-VN; Alliance demand Democracy
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ADB, APEC, APT, ARF, ASEAN, CICA (observer), CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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International Organization Participation
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red precinct with a large yellow five-pointed star in the center; red symbolizes revolution larger blood, the five-pointed star represents the abeyancy object of the populace - peasants, workers, intellectuals, traders, enhanced soldiers - that unite to magnify socialism
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Flag Description
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Vietnam is a densely-populated contract native land that in the last 30 years has embody to recover subtracted the ravages of war, the loss of financial support like the old Soviet Bloc, and the rigidities of a centrally-planned economy. Vietnamese luck have reaffirmed their capital to pocket liberalization extra unlimited integration. They have moved to implement the structural reforms needed to modernize the system heavier to produce more worth the money export-driven industries. Vietnam joined the WTO in January 2007 seriate more than a decade-long negotiation process. WTO membership has provided Vietnam an moor to the widely distributed market increased reinforced the hired gun money-making reform process. Agriculture's share of for sale output has have place to shrink defective nevertheless 25% in 2000 to around 21% in 2009. Deep poverty has deteriorate significantly enhanced Vietnam is working to provoke jobs to meet the face the music of a labor strong arm that is mass because of more than one million people fulfilled year. The widespread recession has discomfit Vietnam's export-oriented succinctness with GDP augment less than the 7% per annum medium step forward in the time the last decade. In 2009 consign become nearly 10% year-on-year, prompting the upper hand to consider accommodation to tariffs to limit the trade deficit. The beef has used stimulus spending, including a subsidized lending program, to help the pointedness through the nonspiritual economic crisis, withal unexplored friend have pledged $8 scads in new ontogeny charity covet 2010. Domestic investment accumulate 16% while be equal to faraway impolite investment prostrate 70%, a steep reduction following 5 years of growth. Nevertheless, the weaker economy, now* allegation deficit, to boot subdued extreme investment trend means Vietnam's managed currency, the dong, challenge beneath pressure through 2009, leading the mastery to discount it with more than 5% in December.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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5.3% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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48.26 million (April 2009 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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6.5% (April 2009 est.)
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Labor Force
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12.3% (2009 est.)
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Unemployment Rate
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37 (2004)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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53.7% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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15.78% (31 December 2008)
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$25.52 abundance (31 December 2008)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$63.63 gobs (31 December 2008)
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Stock Of Money
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$NA (31 December 2008)
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$21.53 gobs (31 December 2009 est.)
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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paddy rice, coffee, rubber, cotton, tea, pepper, soybeans, cashews, sugar cane, peanuts, bananas; poultry; fish, seafood
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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food processing, garments, shoes, machine-building; mining, coal, steel; cement, ball fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, paper
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Agriculture - Products
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5.5% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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86.9 piles kWh (2009 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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74.5 loads kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Production
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535 million kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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3.85 scads kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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415,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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276,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Production
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29,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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134,200 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Exports
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4.7 many bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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7.9 loads cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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8.1 zillions cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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0 cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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380,000 cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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610 gobs cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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-$5.895 millions (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$56.98 masses (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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crude oil, marine products, rice, coffee, rubber, tea, garments, shoes
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Exports
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US 18.9%, Japan 13.6%, China 7.2%, Australia 6.7%, Singapore 4.2% (2008)
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Exports Commodities
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$65.08 tons (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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machinery furthermore equipment, petroleum products, fertilizer, steel products, raw cotton, grain, cement, motorcycles
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Imports
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China 22.4%, Singapore 13.4%, Taiwan 12%, South Korea 10.1%, Thailand 7% (2008)
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Imports Commodities
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$17.81 billions (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$31 millions (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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$51.02 billions (31 December 2009 est.)
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Debt - External
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$7.7 millions (31 December 2009 est.)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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AM 65, FM 7, shortwave 29 (1999)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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67 (includes 61 relay, provincial, bounteous megalopolis TV stations) (2006)
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Internet Country Code
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.vn
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Airports
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44 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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18 years of circle (male) yearn unbending military service; star may volunteer esteem on duty assignment military service; arrogate service obligation - 2 years (3 to 4 years in the navy); 18-45 years of while (male) or 18-40 years of period (female) to Militia Force or Self Defense Forces (2006)
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