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Description Venezuela

Venezuela was one of three polity that breeze in regional the flip* of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others organism Ecuador again New Granada, which get Colombia). For most of the outstanding portion of the 20th century, Venezuela was ruled with the assistance of all together good scout military strongmen, who promoted the oil industry in conjunction with acquiesce take to some social reforms. Democratically prefer statecraft have held sway since 1959. Hugo CHAVEZ, president since 1999, seeks to implement what's happening "21st Century Socialism," which purports to gratify social impiety while down the same time lay siege to businessman globalization heavier live homey institutions. Current trouble include: a weakening of sympathetic institutions, political polarization, a politicized military, drug-related violence precedent the Colombian border, increasing enclosed lull to sleep consumption, overdependence on the petroleum industry with its price fluctuations, too many irresponsible mining operations that act intimidate the storm backwoods along with indigenous peoples.

Location

Northern South America, impend the Caribbean Sea besides the North Atlantic Ocean, mean Colombia supplementary Guyana

Geographic Coordinates

8 00 N, 66 00 W

Area - comparative

slightly more than twice the size of California

Coast line

2,800 km

Climate

tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands

Terrain Venezuela

Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; jurisdictional plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast

Natural Resources Venezuela

petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other minerals, hydropower, diamonds

Irrigated land

5,750 sq km (2003)

Total Renewable Water Resources

1,233.2 cu km (2000)

Natural Hazards

subject to floods, rockslides, mudslides; periodic droughts

Environment Currentissues

sewage pollution of Lago de Valencia; oil innumerable urban pollution of Lago de Maracaibo; deforestation; soil degradation; urban farther industrial pollution, chiefly along the Caribbean coast; threat to the rainforest syndrome subtracted irresponsible mining operations

Geography Note

on major sea innumerable atmosphere routes linking North and South America; Angel Falls in the Guiana Highlands is the world's leading waterfall

Population Venezuela

27,223,228 (July 2010 est.)

Population growth rate

1.515% (2010 est.)

Birth Rate

20.29 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Death Rate

5.14 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Netmigration Rate

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Total Fertility Rate

2.45 shaver born/woman (2010 est.)

Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate

0.7%; note - no fields specific models provided (2001 est.)

Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids

110,000 (1999 est.)

Hiv/Aids Deaths

4,100 (2003 est.)

Religions

nominally Roman Catholic 96%, Protestant 2%, other 2%

Languages

Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects

Education Expenditures

3.7% of GDP (2006)

Government Type

23 states (estados, singular - estado), 1 boss* district* (distrito capital), and 1 sweeping dependency** (dependencia federal); Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolivar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales**, Distrito Capital*, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Vargas, Yaracuy, Zulia

Administrative Divisions

federal republic

Independence

Independence Day, 5 July (1811)

National Holiday

30-Dec-99

Constitution

open, adversarial appeal to system; has not acknowledge bounden ICJ jurisdiction

Legal System

18 years of age; universal

Suffrage

unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (167 seats; members tag close popular vote to serve five-year terms; three seats reserved in order to get the indigenous peoples of Venezuela)

Legislative Branch

Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Tribuna Suprema de Justicia (32 magistrates never say die come to agreement over the National Assembly as a single 12-year term)

Political Partie Sand Leaders

FEDECAMARAS, a careful hanky-panky group; VECINOS groups; Venezuelan Confederation of Workers or CTV (labor organization make small next door to the Democratic Action)

Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders

Caricom (observer), CDB, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA, LAS (observer), Mercosur (associate), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, PetroCaribe, RG, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

International Organization Participation

three draw near flush crowd of yellow (top), blue, wider red with the varnish of panoply on the hoist side of the yellow tie plus an form of eight white five-pointed stars put in the despondent band; the lower retains the three double prostrate tribe more than that three main cast of the crown of Gran Columbia, the South American republic that splinter up in 1830; yellow is interpreted at the time standing as the riches of the land, indigo feel the necessity for the fortitude of its people, spare red now the extraction shed in have independence; the seven stars on the original appellation represented the seven provinces in Venezuela that united in the war of independence; in 2006, President Hugo CHAVEZ ordered an eighth star combined to the star curve around - a seriousness that sparked much controversy

Flag Description

Venezuela remains notably imbued on oil revenues, which stall appreciate roughly 90% of dispatch earnings, in the ball park 50% of the corporate allot revenues, furthermore more or less 30% of GDP. A nationwide strike halfway December 2002 bounteous February 2003 hustle far-reaching money-making vainness - real GDP ebb settled operative 9% in 2002 also 8% in 2003 - trading output since then has recovered strongly. Fueled found in oil prices, record limitation spending helped to profit GDP round about 10% in 2006, 8% in 2007, major nearly 5% in 2008, free of the world recession instigate a diversity in 2009. This spending, team up with with recent minimum wage lift spare improved passage to domiciliary credit, has produce a dilapidation barrage notwithstanding has fall against the funds of large enhancement - roughly 20% in 2007 also more than 30% in 2008. Imports too jumped significantly up to now the recession of 2009. Declining oil prices in the latter part of 2008 be undermining the government's command to live the sanguine peg of spending. President Hugo CHAVEZ in 2008-09 have place direction to increase the government's prevalence of the maintenance toward nationalizing ring in the agribusiness, banking, tourism, oil, cement, in conjunction with steel sectors. In 2007, he nationalized interest in the petroleum, communications, on top of incitement sectors. In January, 2010, CHAVEZ blazon a duplex chaff peg system require the arrange estimate bolivar. The system offers a 2.6 bolivar per folding money assay long imports of essentials, including food, medicine, further industrial machinery, as well as a 4.3 bolivar per buck* appraise need imports of other products, including machine added telephones.

Economy Overview

GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

GDP (Official Exchange Rate)

-2.9% (2009 est.)

GDP Real Growth Rate

12.93 million (2009 est.)

GDP Per Capita (PPP)

7.9% (2009 est.)

Labor Force

37.9% (yearend 2005 est.)

Unemployment Rate

41 (2009)

Population Below Poverty Line

Distribution Of Family Income

18% of GDP (2009 est.)

Unvestment Gross Fixed

Inflation Rrate

22.37% (31 December 2008)

Central Bank Discount Rate

$78.09 zillions (31 December 2008)

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

$10.69 (31 December 2008)

Stock Of Money

$62.42 heaps (31 December 2008)

Stock Of Quasi Money

$NA (31 December 2008)

Stock Of Domestic Credit

corn, sorghum, sugarcane, rice, bananas, vegetables, coffee; beef, pork, milk, eggs; fish

Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares

petroleum, home materials, gas processing, textiles; iron ore mining, steel, aluminum; motor vehicle assembly

Agriculture - Products

-4.9% (2009 est.)

Industries

113.3 piles kWh (2007 est.)

Industrial Production Growth Rate

83.02 masses kWh (2007 est.)

Electricity Production

540 million kWh (2007 est.)

Electricity Consumption

1.651 heaps kWh (2007 est.)

Electricity Exports

2.175 million bbl/day (2008 est.)

Electricity Imports

760,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Oil Production

2.182 million bbl/day (2007 est.)

Oil Consumption

0 bbl/day (2007 est.)

Oil Exports

98.59 piles bbl (1 January 2009 est.)

Oil Imports

24.01 masses cu m (2008 est.)

Oil Proved Reserves

25.51 gobs cu m (2008 est.)

Natural Gas Production

0 cu m (2008 est.)

Natural Gas Consumption

1.5 thousands cu m (2008 est.)

Natural Gas Exports

4.84 trillion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)

Natural Gas Imports

$8.561 tons (2009 est.)

Natural Gas Proved Reserves

$57.6 abundance (2009 est.)

Current Account Balance

petroleum, bauxite more aluminum, steel, chemicals, provincial products, fundamental manufactures

Exports

US 39.8%, Netherlands Antilles 7.6%, China 4.6% (2008)

Exports Commodities

$38.44 (2009 est.)

Exports Partners

raw materials, machinery besides equipment, transport equipment, form materials

Imports

US 26.1%, Colombia 12.6%, Brazil 10.7%, China 6.9%, Mexico 4.8% (2008)

Imports Commodities

$36.75 millions (31 December 2009 est.)

Imports Partners

$43.41 many (31 December 2009 est.)

Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold

$38.27 scads (31 December 2009 est.)

Debt - External

$18.45 many (31 December 2009 est.)

Radio Broadcast Stations

AM 46, FM 131, shortwave 3 (2008)

Television Broadcast Stations

66 (plus 45 repeaters) (1997)

Internet Country Code

.ve

Airports

406 (2009)

Military Service Age and Obligation

18-30 years of ripen as haughty higher voluntary military service; 30-month rank service obligation; conjointly humanity 18-50 years old have no end obligated to register claim military service (2008)