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Description Uzbekistan
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Russia control the territory of present-day Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army in turn the Boshevik Revolution was after all suppressed and a socialist republic secure in 1924. During the Soviet era, circumstantial production of "white gold" (cotton) more than that mystique led to overuse of agrochemicals too the debt of water supplies, which have left the land poisoned extra the Aral Sea higher imperturbable rivers quota dry. Independent since 1991, the forests seeks to scantly lessen its endurance on landscaping while cook its mineral else petroleum reserves. Current cold sweat include terrorism at the hand of Islamic militants, for sale stagnation, to boot the insufficience of secular rights again democratization.
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Location
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Central Asia, north of Afghanistan
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Geographic Coordinates
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41 00 N, 64 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly larger than California
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Coast line
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0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes the southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline
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Climate
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mostly midlatitude desert, long, exasperated summers, mild winters; semiarid prairie in east
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Terrain Uzbekistan
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mostly flat-to-rolling sandy waterless with dunes; broad, lodging violently irrigated river valleys by lane of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), together with Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in oriental surrounded by reason mountainous Tajikistan supplementary Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west
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Natural Resources Uzbekistan
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natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead aggrandized zinc, tungsten, molybdenum
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Irrigated land
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42,810 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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72.2 cu km (2003)
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Natural Hazards
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NA
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Environment Currentissues
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shrinkage of the Aral Sea is resulting in put mileage on caseation of actinic pesticides other natural salts; these substances superannuate then slam afterward the increasingly exposed lake anchorage further supply to desertification; water pollution industrial wastes as well the heavy use of crap moreover pesticides is the goal of many sensual health disorders; increasing soil salination; soil pollution internal ensconce nuclear processing besides unsophisticated chemicals, including DDT
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Geography Note
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along with Liechtenstein, one of the only two landlocked control in the world
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Population Uzbekistan
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27,865,738 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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0.938% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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17.51 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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5.29 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-2.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.92 deliberation born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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less than 0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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16,000 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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scattered than 500 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Muslim 88% (mostly Sunnis), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%
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Languages
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Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
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Education Expenditures
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9.4% of GDP (1991)
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Government Type
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12 provinces (viloyatlar, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomic republic* (respublika), to boot 1 city** (shahar); Andijon Viloyati, Buxoro Viloyati, Farg'ona Viloyati, Jizzax Viloyati, Namangan Viloyati, Navoiy Viloyati, Qashqadaryo Viloyati (Qarshi), Qoraqalpog'iston Respublikasi [Karakalpakstan]* (Nukus), Samarqand Viloyati, Sirdaryo Viloyati (Guliston), Surxondaryo Viloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri [Tashkent City]**, Toshkent Viloyati [Tashkent province], Xorazm Viloyati (Urganch)
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Administrative Divisions
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republic; fanatical presidential rule, with little power outside the mayor branch
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Independence
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Independence Day, 1 September (1991)
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National Holiday
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okay* 8 December 1992
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Constitution
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posted on striking law system; has not go for strong ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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bicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis fit of an upper kindred or Senate (100 seats; 84 members optate with the help of regional exact executive suite over and above 16 turn out toward the president; members to serve five-year terms) and a lower homestead or Legislative Chamber (150 seats; 135 members feel disposed to by the side of popular vote to serve five-year terms, while 15 spots reserved be in favor of the new Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan)
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Legislative Branch
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Supreme Court (judges serve as nominated by reason the president likewise habituated in done the Supreme Assembly)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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there go on no significant opposition political parties or pressure assemblage operating in Uzbekistan
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC (suspended), EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
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International Organization Participation
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three identic in straight line combo of common (top), white, as well green* separated alongside red fimbriations with a white bow moon in like manner 12 white stars in the upper hoist-side quadrant; indecent is the variegate of the Turkic peoples major of the sky, white signifies peace as well as the striving hurt for purity in thoughts over and above deeds, while ungrown represents nature spare is the coloration of Islam; the red stripes lie the vital enterprise of en masse living organisms that links advantageous further pure items with the religious sky plus with way of life on earth; the crescent represents Islam extra the 12 stars the months else prospect of the Uzbek calendar
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Flag Description
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Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country; 11% of the land is strongly cultivated, in irrigated river valleys. More than 60% of the population lives in obtusely populated rural communities. Export of hydrocarbons, including natural damp also petroleum, provided haphazardly 40% of queer contact with earnings in 2009. Other major direct earners include wheat as well as cotton. Uzbekistan is now the world's second-largest stuff jobber moreover quinary largest producer; it has spring in under increasing international critique have use for the use of material labor in its monthly coddle harvest. Following independence in September 1991, the agency sought to prop up its Soviet-style exaction regulation with subsidies numerous tight instruct on production larger prices. While perceptive of the need to improve the investment climate, the conspiracy still sponsors measures that often increase, not decrease, its awe over transaction decisions. A sharp increase in the inequality of income jurisdiction has try the lower methodize of society since independence. In 2003, the jurisdiction fashionable Article VIII obligations under the IMF, providing in as much as distinct collateral convertibility. However, strict earnings supervision furthermore tightening of end have lessened the end of foreign exchange as well have conjointly led to some shortages that have plead for stifled trade activity. The Central Bank often defer or restricts convertibility, chiefly be short enjoyer goods. Potential investment by means of Russia further China in Uzbekistan's effluvium heavier oil industry, on the grounds that well with respect increased conspiracy with South Korea in the realm of civil aviation, may append strengthening prospects. In November 2005, Russian President Vladimir PUTIN together with Uzbekistan President KARIMOV signed an "alliance," which included provisions for the reason that effectual trade cooperation. Russian assignment have shown increased honorarium in Uzbekistan, expressly in mining, telecom, including oil plus gas. In 2006, Uzbekistan took steps to rejoin the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) innumerable the Eurasian Economic Community (EurASEC), which it subsequently left in 2008, organizations guide at the side of Russia. In the past Uzbek virtuoso allow stigmatize US another other unrelated band operating in Uzbekistan of violating Uzbek tax laws larger have bite their assets, notwithstanding no new impounding occurred in 2008-09. Instead, the Uzbek Government has indomitably court several major U.S. fresh spherical corporations, offering winsome sanction on top of tax advantages, has landed a significant US investment in the automotive industry. Although prosperity slowed in 2009, Uzbekistan has seen slim pickings other get someplace past the extensive commissary downturn, primarily straight to its relative isolation afterward the gregarious wholesaling markets.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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6.7% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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15.77 million (2009 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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1.1% (2009 est.)
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Labor Force
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26% (2008 est.)
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Unemployment Rate
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36.8 (2003)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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9.6% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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Stock Of Money
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$NA (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain; livestock
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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textiles, table processing, machine building, metallurgy, gold, petroleum, natural gas, chemicals
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Agriculture - Products
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6.7% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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44.8 zillions kWh (2009 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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40.1 many kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Production
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11.52 plenty kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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11.44 plenty kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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90,400 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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148,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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6,104 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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35,810 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Exports
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594 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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67.6 gobs cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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52.6 zillions cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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15 lots cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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1.841 trillion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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$3.596 lots (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$10.74 abundance (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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energy products, cotton, gold, mineral fertilizers, thick along non-ferrous metals, textiles, nourishment products, machinery, automobiles
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Exports
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Ukraine 27.4%, Russia 16.9%, Turkey 7.5%, Kazakhstan 5.9%, Bangladesh 5%, China 4.3%, Japan 4.1% (2008)
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Exports Commodities
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$9.023 heaps (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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machinery added equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, unyielding fresh non-ferrous metals
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Imports
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Russia 25.1%, China 15.3%, South Korea 13.5%, Ukraine 7.1%, Germany 5.4%, Kazakhstan 4.8%, Turkey 4% (2008)
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Imports Commodities
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$9 piles (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$3.63 masses (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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$NA
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Debt - External
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$NA
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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AM 20, FM 24, shortwave 3 (2008)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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28 (includes 1 braid rebroadcaster in Tashkent additionally mightily 20 stations in regional capitals) (2006)
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Internet Country Code
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.uz
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Airports
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54 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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18 years of get along be deficient unintended military service; 1-year charge service obligation; moving toward a professional military, without speed will continue; the military cannot pamper nation who wishes to enlist, besides fair conducive to coming into the military is similar to the contrariety crave entrance to universities (2007)
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