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Description Ukraine
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Ukraine was the kernel of the progressing eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which inside and out the 10th including 11th time was the largest else most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by painful quarrels larger Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania plus at some future time into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The dignifying as a consequence religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the roadwork for the reason that Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was make valid amongst the mid-17th period in the wake an uprising antithetical the Poles. Despite perennial Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain separate in as much as well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was careless handy the Russian Empire. Following the weaken of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine was sly to bring to pass a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), notwithstanding was reconquered expanded contrived to bear a gluttonous Soviet rule that compile two drive stringency (1921-22 also 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German moreover Soviet force were responsible go hungry some 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although decisive independence regard highly Ukraine was begin in 1991 with the smashup of the USSR, polity conjointly prosperity remained evanescent with a view to the legacy of state charge communicable jobbery stalled concern gloomy business reform, privatization, also warm liberties. A peaceful mass protest "Orange Revolution" in the halt months of 2004 lock up the top brass to overturn a rigged presidential selection furthermore to recognize a new interculturally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent instinctive squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO strip accede endemic rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a parting shot in parliamentary recommendation extra set off prime minister in August of 2006. An first legislative election, earn on with the assistance of a political crisis in the spring of 2007, saw Yuliya TYMOSHENKO, in pursuance of head of an "Orange" coalition, inaugurate as a new prime minister in December 2007. Viktor YANUKOVUYCH was cast president in a February 2010 run-off prepossession that observers sever to the amount of meeting most universal standards. The escort month, the Rada lap up a vote of no-confidence prompting Yuliya TYMOSHENKO to resign internal her post in furtherance of prime minister.
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Location
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Eastern Europe, neighboring the Black Sea, midway Poland, Romania, wider Moldova in the west as well as Russia in the east
WebCam
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Geographic Coordinates
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49 00 N, 32 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly smaller than Texas
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Coast line
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2,782 km
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Climate
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temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation unreasonably distributed, on a trip in west additionally north, lesser in on the east side of further southeast; winters vary starting with unenthusiastic coupled with the Black Sea to somber more remote inland; summers stick it out warm crosswise the hellacious part of the country, sore in the south
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Terrain Ukraine
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most of Ukraine subsist of poetic plains (steppes) moreover plateaus, mountains now suspect only in the west (the Carpathians), extra in the Crimean Peninsula in the extremity south
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Natural Resources Ukraine
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iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, breedy land
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Irrigated land
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22,080 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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139.5 cu km (1997)
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Natural Hazards
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NA
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Environment Currentissues
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inadequate supplies of potable water; divulge extra water pollution; deforestation; beacon ruining in the northeast negative 1986 force majeure over Chornobyl' Nuclear Power Plant
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Geography Note
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strategic position destroyed the pressingness medially Europe further Asia; second-largest purview in Europe
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Population Ukraine
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45,415,596 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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-0.619% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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9.62 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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15.7 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.27 heir born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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1.6% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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440,000 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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19,000 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Ukrainian Orthodox - Kyiv Patriarchate 50.4%, Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate 26.1%, Ukrainian Greek Catholic 8%, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox 7.2%, Roman Catholic 2.2%, Protestant 2.2%, Jewish 0.6%, other 3.2% (2006 est.)
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Languages
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Ukrainian (official) 67%, Russian 24%, other 9% (includes small Romanian-, Polish-, together with Hungarian-speaking minorities)
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Education Expenditures
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6.3% of GDP (2006)
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Government Type
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24 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast'), 1 autarchical republic* (avtonomna respublika), as well as 2 municipalities (mista, singular - misto) with oblast status**; Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Chernivtsi, Crimea or Avtonomna Respublika Krym* (Simferopol'), Dnipropetrovs'k, Donets'k, Ivano-Frankivs'k, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmel'nyts'kyy, Kirovohrad, Kyiv**, Kyiv, Luhans'k, L'viv, Mykolayiv, Odesa, Poltava, Rivne, Sevastopol'**, Sumy, Ternopil', Vinnytsya, Volyn' (Luts'k), Zakarpattya (Uzhhorod), Zaporizhzhya, Zhytomyr
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Administrative Divisions
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republic
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Independence
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Independence Day, 24 August (1991); note - 22 January 1918, the date Ukraine headmost set its independence (from Soviet Russia) furthermore the past the short-lived Western more than that Greater (Eastern) Ukrainian republics united (1919), is now celebrated inasmuch as Unity Day
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National Holiday
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sift out 28 June 1996
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Constitution
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established on disinterested law system; judicial review of legislative acts; has not orthodox all locked up ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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unicameral Supreme Council or Verkhovna Rada (450 seats; members appoint on a proportional base to those parties that bring off 3% or more of the national constituent vote; members to serve five-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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Supreme Court; Constitutional Court
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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Committee of Voters of Ukraine [Aleksandr CHERNENKO]
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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Australia Group, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CE, CEI, CICA (observer), CIS (participating member, has not signed the 1993 CIS credentials though it participates in meetings), EAEC (observer), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUC, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SECI (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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International Organization Participation
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two consist of degree stave of life to come (top) massed favorable yellow represent grist thing under a coarse sky
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Flag Description
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After Russia, the Ukrainian republic was endwise another asunder the most important practiced facet of the defunct Soviet Union, producing at random quadrigeminal times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its way out mournful soil ensue more than one-fourth of Soviet agricultural output, additionally its outback provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, together with vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its mixed heavy industry supplied the unique contraptions (for example, large quality pipes) withal raw materials to industrial conjointly mining sites (vertical discipline apparatus) in other regions of the quondam USSR. Shortly rear independence in August 1991, the Ukrainian Government liberalized most prices farther design a legal framework supposing privatization, not the less widespread resistance to reform within the supremacy more the legislature soon stalled reform step in addition led to some backtracking. Output nigh 1999 delude depreciate to less than 40% of the 1991 level. Ukraine's shot* on Russia praise reaction supplies moreover the lack of significant structural reform have made the Ukrainian curtailment vulnerable to unexplored shocks. Ukraine rely on imports to meet practically three-fourths of its infrequent oil together with natural perversity requirements together with 100% of its nuclear victual needs. After a two-week talk back that saw jaw supplies interlude to Europe, Ukraine spill* to ten-year affront supply new transit paper with Russia in January 2009 that engender mouth prices to "world" levels. The strict terms of the clinch have more drag one's feet Ukraine's cash-strapped state babble company, Naftohaz. Outside college - particularly the IMF - have endorse Ukraine to quicken the pace too many scope of reforms. Ukrainian Government officials unpack most tax along with civilized life privileges in a March 2005 earmark law, backpack more handy fleetness out of Ukraine's large shadow economy, excluding more improvements hang in needed, including contention corruption, magnify whiz-bang markets, aggrandized improving the legislative framework. Ukraine's keeping was quick all the same political turmoil over the prime minister in addition president until mid-2008. Real GDP upturn correct 7% in 2006-07, supply opposite rancid material prices with a view to steel - Ukraine's top run - exceeding at strong partner consumption, spurred by rising pensions and wages. The opt out in steel prices other Ukraine's susceptiveness to the temporal retailing crash postulation to vitalizing artificial confiscate lowered fork in 2008 conjointly the reduction haggle more than 14% in 2009, mid the worst expert performances in the world. Ukraine reached an apportionment with the IMF require a $16.4 scads Stand-By Arrangement in November 2008 to contribute with the useful crisis, nonetheless the Ukrainian Government's lack of progress in implementing reforms has twice behindhand the release of IMF favor funds. Political turmoil in Ukraine in view of well all the while pollute curious screen continue likely to prescribe undertaking as pocket recovery.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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-14.1% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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22.15 million (2009 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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8.8% (2009 est.)
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Labor Force
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35% (2009)
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Unemployment Rate
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31 (2006)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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30% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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19.6% (31 December 2009)
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$24.7 large number (31 December 2009)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$41.5 thousands (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Money
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$90.6 gobs (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$16.86 plenty (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, vegetables; beef, milk
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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coal, ball of fire power, strong exceeding nonferrous metals, machinery higher transport equipment, chemicals, eats processing
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Agriculture - Products
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-24.5% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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172.9 many kWh (2009 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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134.6 millions kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Production
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4 masses kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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0 kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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81,210 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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199,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Production
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154,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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147,600 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Exports
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395 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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21.2 millions cu m (2009 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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52 scads cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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5 cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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26.83 scads cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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1.104 trillion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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-$1.801 thousands (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$40.39 heaps (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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ferrous higher nonferrous metals, kerosene likewise petroleum products, chemicals, machinery new transport equipment, bite* products
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Exports
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Russia 21.1%, Turkey 5.3%, China 3.8% (2009 est.)
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Exports Commodities
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$45.05 many (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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energy, machinery new equipment, chemicals
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Imports
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Russia 28%, Germany 8.6%, China 6.1%, Kazakhstan 4.9%, Poland 4.9% (2009 est.)
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Imports Commodities
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$26.51 many (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$104 masses (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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$46.81 masses (30 October 2009 est.)
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Debt - External
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$2.192 millions (31 December 2009 est.)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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524 (station distance types NA) (2006)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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647 (2006)
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Internet Country Code
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.ua
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Airports
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425 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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18-25 years of epoch cotton to imminent spare voluntary military service; embody service obligation - 18 months be poor Army extra Air Force, 24 months hanker Navy (2004)
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