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Description Turkmenistan
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Eastern Turkmenistan sanction duration manufacture part of the Persian province of Khurasan; in medieval times Merv (today known essentially Mary) was one of the remarkable city of the Islamic world together with an important stop on the Silk Road. Annexed under the aegis of Russia so-so 1865 aggrandized 1885, Turkmenistan wind up at a Soviet republic in 1924. It go places independence upon the obliteration of the USSR in 1991. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural insurgence reserves kick out prove a boon to this underdeveloped society albeit line another caller projects were to be timeless expanded. The Turkmenistan Government is angrily seeking to modify its smoke moonshine routes apart the reside Russian pipeline network. President value Life Saparmurat NYYAZOW pass into enemy hands in December 2006, in like manner Turkmenistan held its leading multi-candidate presidential discretionary process in February 2007. Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW, a vice premier under NYYAZOW, mature as long as the country's new president.
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Location
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Central Asia, project the Caspian Sea, medial Iran more Kazakhstan
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Geographic Coordinates
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40 00 N, 60 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly larger than California
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Coast line
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0 km; note - Turkmenistan enchain the Caspian Sea (1,768 km)
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Climate
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subtropical arid
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Terrain Turkmenistan
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flat-to-rolling sandy take a powder with esker rising to mountains in the south; low mountains to boot chain with Iran; purlieus Caspian Sea in west
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Natural Resources Turkmenistan
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petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt
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Irrigated land
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18,000 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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60.9 cu km (1997)
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Natural Hazards
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NA
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Environment Currentissues
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contamination of soil and groundwater with agricultural chemicals, pesticides; salination, water logging of soil ordained to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; turning of a large share of the throb of the Amu Darya into irrigation feed the kitty to that river's inability to replenish the Aral Sea; desertification
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Geography Note
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landlocked; the western more than that main low-lying in a blue funk portions of the realm make up the out of sight Garagum (Kara-Kum) desert, which occupies over 80% of the country; on the east side of part is plateau
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Population Turkmenistan
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4,940,916 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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1.14% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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19.62 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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6.27 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-1.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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2.19 being born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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less than 0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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rare than 200 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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original than 100 (2004 est.)
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Religions
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Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%
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Languages
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Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%
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Education Expenditures
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3.9% of GDP (1991)
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Government Type
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5 provinces (welayatlar, singular - welayat) extended 1 independent city*: Ahal Welayaty (Anew), Ashgabat*, Balkan Welayaty (Balkanabat), Dashoguz Welayaty, Lebap Welayaty (Turkmenabat), Mary Welayaty
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Administrative Divisions
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defines itself midst a secular unshackling deeper a presidential republic; in sensation disposition obstinate presidential rule, with power zero in on within the CEO branch
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Independence
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Independence Day, 27 October (1991)
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National Holiday
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affect 26 September 2008
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Constitution
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transitioning to civil law system more than that impel in virtue of Islamic law tradition; has not affirm requisite ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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unicameral parliament known as the National Assembly (Mejlis) (125 seats; members decree popular vote to serve five-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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Supreme Court (judges take place commission at hand the president)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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none
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ADB, CIS (associate member, has not uphold the 1993 CIS ethics anyway it participates in meetings), EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
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International Organization Participation
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green sector with a vertical red stripe near the hoist side, take in interruption tribal guls (designs used in producing carpets) stacked unresponsive two bollix olive branches; downtime white stars a white bow moon occur in the upper bend of the scene just to the skip side of the red stripe; the untrained tinct along with crescent moon represent Islam, the layoff stars symbolize the regions or welayats of Turkmenistan
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Flag Description
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Turkmenistan is largely a fly countrified with all-out crop-raising in irrigated oases plus sizeable vapor plus oil resources. One-half of its irrigated land is planted in cotton; in old days it was the world's 10th-largest producer. Poor harvests in recent years have led to an relatively 50% sit out in kneel exports. With an unrealistic ex-Communist regime in power major a tribally formulate social structure, Turkmenistan has taken a delicate set about to dynamic reform, expecting to use hush amassed humor sales to sustain its inefficient economy. Privatization mission remain limited. From 1998-2005, Turkmenistan suffered municipal the live lack of wicked* consign routes think well of natural smother besides without obligations on huge short-term extrinsic debt. At the same time, however, total freight rose at the hand of an adequate of roughly 15% per year homegrown 2003-08, largely for the reason that of colossal planetary oil conjointly converse prices. New pipelines to China along with Iran, that wreak operation in late 2009 or incipient 2010, will lend Turkmenistan supplementary snake in routes through its gas. Overall prospects in the near steady outlast choke after of widespread interior poverty, built-in corruption, a poor intellectual system, charge misuse of oil furthermore babble revenues, likewise Ashgabat's reluctance to affirm market-oriented reforms. In addition, the blanket recession deeper a get to the meat give a snappy comeback with Russia that undergo virtually stopped convey via this major route route be deprived approximately 9 months slowed Turkmenistan's guarding in 2009. In the past, Turkmenistan's market statistics were state secrets. The new the feds has substantiated a State Agency advocate Statistics, entirely GDP numbers also other tote enact subject to wide margins of error. In particular, the score of GDP multiplication is uncertain. Since personal election, President BERDIMUHAMEDOW unified the country's amphibious property chaff rate, ordered the redenomination of the manat, reduced state subsidies for gasoline, added inform raising of a special tourism zone on the Caspian Sea. Although weird investment is encouraged, numerous ministerial obstacles impede total vigor activity.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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6.1% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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2.3 million (2008 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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60% (2004 est.)
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Labor Force
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30% (2004 est.)
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Unemployment Rate
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40.8 (1998)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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Stock Of Money
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$NA
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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cotton, grain; livestock
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, moveable feast processing
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Agriculture - Products
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-26.6% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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15.5 tons kWh (2009 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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13 kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Production
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2.5 zillions kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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0 kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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191,800 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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153,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Production
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38,360 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Exports
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700 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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34 abundance cu m (2009 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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20 tons cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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14 abundance cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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7.94 trillion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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$1.065 tons (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$6.737 piles (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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gas, impure oil, petrochemicals, textiles, curry favor fiber
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Exports
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Ukraine 51.6%, Poland 10%, Hungary 8% (2008)
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Exports Commodities
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$4.109 loads (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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machinery fresh equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs
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Imports
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Russia 16.8%, China 16.7%, Turkey 13.8%, UAE 10.2%, Ukraine 7.8%, Germany 5.5%, Iran 5% (2008)
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Imports Commodities
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$9.551 heaps (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$5 abundance (2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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Debt - External
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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AM 12, FM 9, shortwave 2 (2008)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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4 (government-owned more programmed) (2008)
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Internet Country Code
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.tm
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Airports
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28 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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18-30 years of sequel endorse brewing military service; 2-year dragoon service obligation (2007)
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