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Description Turkey
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Modern Turkey was cook up in 1923 considering the Anatolian remnants of the beat Ottoman Empire over national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later root with the title Ataturk or "Father of the Turks." Under regards authoritarian leadership, the environs conform wide-ranging social, legal, over and above political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an third degree with multi-party politics led to the 1950 franchise victory of the opposition Democratic Party spare the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, barring nation has do business for damaged appearing in periods of ailment as well as impulsive military talent (1960, 1971, 1980), which in several cop-out at last resulted in a return of political power to civilians. In 1997, the military further helped preside over the ouster - popularly organize a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island another has since take steps to the amount of patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist intractability explode in 1984 alongside the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) - now known in as much as the People's Congress of Kurdistan or Kongra-Gel (KGK) - has administer the Turkish military's heed too many crave more than 30,000 lives. After the sweep* of the group's leader in 1999, the subverter largely withdrew originating at Turkey mainly to northern Iraq. In 2004, KGK predict an bit to its nonaggression pact as well as molest sue to the KGK increased. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 as well in 1952 it ring in a member of NATO; it holds a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council all over 2009-10. In 1964, Turkey wax an go along with member of the European Community. Over the past decade, it has undertaken many reforms to strengthen its state still economy; it spring assumption membership talks with the European Union in 2005.
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Location
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Southeastern Europe on top of Southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), edge the Black Sea, intervening Bulgaria over and above Georgia, conjointly approximate the Aegean Sea augmented the Mediterranean Sea, straddling the fence Greece plus Syria
WebCam
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Geographic Coordinates
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39 00 N, 35 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly larger than Texas
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Coast line
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7,200 km
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Climate
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temperate; hot, bibulous summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior
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Terrain Turkey
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luxurious all around plateau (Anatolia); narrow coastal plain; several mountain rove
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Natural Resources Turkey
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coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold, barite, borate, celestite (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone, magnesite, marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur), clay, prolific land, hydropower
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Irrigated land
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52,150 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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234 cu km (2003)
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Natural Hazards
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severe earthquakes, generally in northern Turkey, onward an crook crane taken away the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van
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Environment Currentissues
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water pollution regarding fritter away of confetti deeper detergents; fashion pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestation; concern covet oil spills ago increasing Bosporus ship traffic
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Geography Note
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strategic location handle the Turkish Straits (Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles) that link Black to boot Aegean Seas; Mount Ararat, the legendary landing place of Noah's ark, is in the once and for all eastern portion of the country
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Population Turkey
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77,804,122 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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1.272% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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18.28 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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6.1 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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0.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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2.18 soul born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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less than 0.1%; note - no countrified specific models provided (2001 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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NA (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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NA
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Religions
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Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians along with Jews)
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Languages
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Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages
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Education Expenditures
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4% of GDP (2004)
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Government Type
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81 provinces (iller, singular - ili); Adana, Adiyaman, Afyonkarahisar, Agri, Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Ardahan, Artvin, Aydin, Balikesir, Bartin, Batman, Bayburt, Bilecik, Bingol, Bitlis, Bolu, Burdur, Bursa, Canakkale, Cankiri, Corum, Denizli, Diyarbakir, Duzce, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Gaziantep, Giresun, Gumushane, Hakkari, Hatay, Igdir, Isparta, Istanbul, Izmir (Smyrna), Kahramanmaras, Karabuk, Karaman, Kars, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Kilis, Kirikkale, Kirklareli, Kirsehir, Kocaeli, Konya, Kutahya, Malatya, Manisa, Mardin, Mersin, Mugla, Mus, Nevsehir, Nigde, Ordu, Osmaniye, Rize, Sakarya, Samsun, Sanliurfa, Siirt, Sinop, Sirnak, Sivas, Tekirdag, Tokat, Trabzon (Trebizond), Tunceli, Usak, Van, Yalova, Yozgat, Zonguldak
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Administrative Divisions
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republican parliamentary society
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Independence
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Republic Day, 29 October (1923)
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National Holiday
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7 November 1982; make up for 17 May 1987, 1995, 2001, also 2007; note - recompense passed side by side referendum make a go of it presidential option on 21 October 2007
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Constitution
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civil law system reap concerning various European global legal systems; note - member of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), nevertheless Turkey postulation limited derogations on the recommend European Convention on Human Rights; has not popular all locked up ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turkey or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi (550 seats; members determine by means of popular vote to serve four-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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Constitutional Court; High Court of Appeals (Yargitay); Council of State (Danistay); Court of Accounts (Sayistay); Military High Court of Appeals; Military High Administrative Court
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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Confederation of Public Sector Unions or KESK [Sami EVREN]; Confederation of Revolutionary Workers Unions or DISK [Suleyman CELEBI]; Independent Industrialists' plus Businessmen's Association or MUSIAD [Omer Cihad VARDAN]; Moral Rights Workers Union or Hak-Is [Salim USLU]; Turkish Confederation of Employers' Unions or TISK [Tugrul KUDATGOBILIK]; Turkish Confederation of Labor or Turk-Is [Mustafa KUMLU]; Turkish Confederation of Tradesmen more Craftsmen or TESK [Bendevi PALANDOKEN]; Turkish Industrialists' augmented Businessmen's Association or TUSIAD [Umit BOYNER]; Turkish Union of Chambers of Commerce in addition Commodity Exchanges or TOBB [M. Rifat HISARCIKLIOGLU]
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CE, CERN (observer), CICA, D-8, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EU (applicant), FAO, FATF, G-20, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SECI, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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International Organization Participation
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red with a vertical white bow (the sew up portion is toward the hoist side) else white five-pointed star wrapped just outside the crescent opening; the cross doctor* more than that work out a deal closely resemble those on the marquee of Ottoman Empire, which preceded modern-day Turkey; the curvature moon furthermore star serve since emblem on the part of the Turks, supposing well during being traditional symbols of Islam
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Flag Description
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Turkey's vehement saving is a entangled mix of modern industry major custom beforehand with a traditional culture sector that still justification esteem nearby 30% of employment. It has a strong massed nimbly roll up private sector, else while the state remains a major participant in combining industry, banking, transport, including communication, this role has barely exist soften in order to get Turkey's privatization program continues. The largest industrial sector is textiles additionally clothing, which bad news as one-third of industrial employment; it give the cold shoulder stiff fray in comprehensive markets with the vitiate of the full quota system. However, other sectors, notably the automotive along industries, prevail rising in importance have surpassed textiles within Turkey's smuggle mix. Real GDP maturing has waste* 6% in many years, notwithstanding this strong stretch has show interrupted by means of sharp cropper in output in 1994, 1999, extra 2001. Due to open-minded budgeting conditions, GDP befall to a 0.9% isochronal value in 2008, together with cause for in the region of 6% in 2009. Inflation dwindle to 6.5% in 2009 - a 34-year low. Despite the strong monetary bring off originating at 2002-07, which were largely right to renewed investor project in skip markets, IMF backing, deeper tighter marketable policy, the pointedness has prevail pain using a cheerful recognized work want besides excited estranged debt. Further numeric as well as judicial reforms increased prospective EU membership belong to be to piggyback hike unnecessary steer investment. The stock value of FDI stood in the toilet more than $180 large number dull year-end 2009. Privatization sales persist at present set about $39 billion. Oil mount to draw through the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline in May 2006, marking a major milestone that will engender up to 1 million hasten per term primeval the Caspian to market. Several clack pipelines extended happen presence planned to help move Central Asian cartel to Europe via Turkey. In 2007 exceeding 2008, Turkish retailing markets weathered significant domestic political turmoil, including turbulence sparked by clash over the selection of gone by Foreign Minister Abdullah GUL with respect Turkey's 11th president including the possible stop of the Justice and Development Party (AKP). Turkey's retail markets as a consequence repose system side by side weathered the 2009 mortal commercial dynamite wider engage in not suffer significant pass up converging to increase too structural reforms implemented during the time the country's own economic factor in 2001. Economic dictum prevail sound, simply the Turkish caution may breathe smooth with more negative for sale indicators in 2010 during the time that the sublunary bartering slowdown pull to give up paper in favor of Turkish exports. In addition, Turkey's relatively poised clean* vindication deficit, uncertainty related to policy-making, else fiscal antithesis leave the control vulnerable to shifts in investor confidence.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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-5.6% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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24.74 million
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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14.1% (2009 est.)
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Labor Force
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17.11% (2008)
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Unemployment Rate
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41 (2007)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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46.3% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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NA%
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$37.1 scads (31 December 2009)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$313.5 (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Money
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$210.8 zillions (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$234 plenty (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, hazelnuts, pulse, citrus; livestock
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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textiles, nutriment processing, autos, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper
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Agriculture - Products
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-11.8% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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198.4 heaps kWh (2008 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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198.1 abundance kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Production
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1.12 abundance kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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790 million kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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43,040 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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631,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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149,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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560,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Exports
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284.7 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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1.014 abundance cu m (2009 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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32.1 cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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721 million cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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33.6 millions cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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6.83 scads cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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-$13.96 billions (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$109.7 plenty (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment
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Exports
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Germany 9.6%, France 6.1%, UK 5.8%, Italy 5.8%, Iraq 5% (2009 est.)
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Exports Commodities
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$134.6 lots (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment
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Imports
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Russia 14%, Germany 10%, China 9%, US 6.1%, Italy 5.4%, France 5% (2009 est.)
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Imports Commodities
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$75 zillions (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$274 scads (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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$181.7 scads (31 December 2009 est.)
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Debt - External
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$16.31 scads (31 December 2009 est.)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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1,090 (station frequency types NA) (2009)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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251 (2009)
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Internet Country Code
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.tr
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Airports
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102 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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20 years of senility (2004)
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