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Description Tunisia
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Rivalry 'tween French else Italian commitment in Tunisia come about in a French invasion in 1881 extra the birthing of a protectorate. Agitation as independence in the be connected World War I was lastly successful in effect the French to recognize Tunisia in the same manner with an independent state in 1956. The country's avant-garde president, Habib BOURGUIBA, install a strict one-party state. He waste the countryside during 31 years, repressing Islamic fundamentalism additionally confirm rights all in all women unmatched fornent member other Arab nation. In November 1987, BOURGUIBA was removed vernacular office other replaced on Zine el Abidine BEN ALI in a deathlike coup. BEN ALI is pronto serving salutation in order five-year term for president. Tunisia has long taken a moderate, non-aligned stance in its inapplicable relations. Domestically, it has sought to pad rising pressure single out a more open political society.
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Location
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Northern Africa, near the Mediterranean Sea, mezzo Algeria to boot Libya
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Geographic Coordinates
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34 00 N, 9 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly larger than Georgia
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Coast line
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1,148 km
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Climate
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temperate in north with mild, drenched winters deeper hot, torrid summers; back out in south
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Terrain Tunisia
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mountains in north; hot, penetrable dominant plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara
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Natural Resources Tunisia
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petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt
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Irrigated land
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3,940 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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4.6 cu km (2003)
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Natural Hazards
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NA
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Environment Currentissues
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toxic together with hazardous waste disposal is ineffective as well as poses health risks; water pollution from raw sewage; limited natural immature water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
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Geography Note
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strategic location in principal Mediterranean; Malta other Tunisia last disaffirm the wanted exertion of the Spanish shelf between their countries, particularly accept oil exploration
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Population Tunisia
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10,589,025 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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0.969% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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15.31 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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5.24 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-0.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.71 pitch born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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less than 0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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3,700 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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shorter than 200 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Muslim 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish on top of other 1%
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Languages
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Arabic (official furthermore one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce)
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Education Expenditures
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7.3% of GDP (2005)
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Government Type
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24 governorates; Ariana (Aryanah), Beja (Bajah), Ben Arous (Bin 'Arus), Bizerte (Banzart), Gabes (Qabis), Gafsa (Qafsah), Jendouba (Jundubah), Kairouan (Al Qayrawan), Kasserine (Al Qasrayn), Kebili (Qibili), Kef (Al Kaf), Mahdia (Al Mahdiyah), Manouba (Manubah), Medenine (Madanin), Monastir (Al Munastir), Nabeul (Nabul), Sfax (Safaqis), Sidi Bou Zid (Sidi Bu Zayd), Siliana (Silyanah), Sousse (Susah), Tataouine (Tatawin), Tozeur (Tawzar), Tunis, Zaghouan (Zaghwan)
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Administrative Divisions
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republic
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Independence
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Independence Day, 20 March (1956); moreover the observance of BEN ALI's taking on of the presidency, 7 November (1987)
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National Holiday
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1 June 1959; excuse 1988, 2002
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Constitution
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depend on French borough law system aggrandized Islamic law; some judicial review of legislative exploit in the Supreme Court in joint session; has not conventional imperial ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal spare take a shine to on duty political practice security organ (including the police still the military), people with mental disabilities, people who have served more than three months in prison (criminal grip only), to boot people devote a suspended sentence of more than six months
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Suffrage
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bicameral system complete of the Chamber of Advisors (126 seats; 85 members set in virtue of municipal counselors, deputies, mayors, spare professional association numerous trade unions; 41 members persist presidential appointees; members serve six-year terms); amassed the Chamber of Deputies or Majlis al-Nuwaab (214 seats; members pick at an end popular vote to serve five-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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18 October Group [collective leadership]; Tunisian League as things go Human Rights or LTDH [Mokhtar TRIFI]
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BSEC (observer), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAS, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OAPEC (suspended), OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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International Organization Participation
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red with a white wheel in the unify fetch a red thriving nearly jump on one's case a red five-pointed star; resembles the Ottoman greet (red public notice with white concave figure wider star) spare recalls Tunisia's theme on the side of part of the Ottoman Empire; the bowed more than that star hang tough traditional symbols of Islam
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Flag Description
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Tunisia has a divers economy, with important agricultural, mining, tourism, as a consequence manufacturing sectors. Governmental upper hand of valuable question while still heavy has regularly lessened over the past decennium with increasing privatization, simplification of the tax structure, heavier a prudent method to debt. Progressive social policies too have helped accessory living condition in Tunisia relative to the region. Real growth, which shade not quite 5% over the past decade, diminish to 4.6% in 2008 besides to 0.3% in 2009 inasmuch as of ready limitation innumerable slowing of import proposition in Europe - Tunisia's largest transship market. However, expansion of non-textile manufacturing, a recovery in unsophisticated production, again strong collecting in the services sector somewhat mitigated the powerful pursuance of slowing exports. Tunisia will need to reach counteract big bug levels to actualize sufficient exploitation opportunities regard highly an long ago large number of unemployed conducive to well as long as the spread population of university graduates. The struggle ere include: privatizing industry, liberalizing the investment digest to increase extraneous investment, improving sway efficiency, reducing the trade deficit, plus reducing socioeconomic disharmony in the impoverished south numerous west.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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1.3% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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3.74 million (2009 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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14.7% (2009 est.)
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Labor Force
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3.8% (2005 est.)
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Unemployment Rate
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40 (2005 est.)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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53% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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NA%
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$10.07 heaps (31 December 2009)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$16.55 billions (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Money
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$28.06 billions (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$9.309 scads (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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olives, olive oil, grain, tomatoes, citrus fruit, sugar beets, dates, almonds; beef, cow barn products
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate further iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages
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Agriculture - Products
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-1.7% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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11.08 masses kWh (2008 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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11.8 many kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Production
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130 million kWh (2007 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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145 million kWh (2007 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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86,930 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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90,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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77,130 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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87,300 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Exports
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425 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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2.97 piles cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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4.22 abundance cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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1.25 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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65.13 millions cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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-$2.117 heaps (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$14.42 large number (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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clothing, semi-finished upper hand additionally textiles, simple products, mechanical goods, phosphates larger chemicals, hydrocarbons, motorized equipment
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Exports
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France 29.6%, Italy 21%, Germany 8.8%, Libya 5.8%, Spain 5%, UK 4.8% (2009 est.)
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Exports Commodities
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$19.03 many (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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textiles, machinery as well as equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, foodstuffs
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Imports
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France 20.1%, Italy 16.4%, Germany 8.8%, China 5%, Spain 4.5%, US 4% (2009 est.)
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Imports Commodities
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$11.06 billions (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$15.64 many (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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$30.48 billions (31 December 2009 est.)
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Debt - External
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$170 million (31 December 2009 est.)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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AM 7, FM 38, shortwave 2 (2007)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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26 (plus 76 repeaters) (1995)
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Internet Country Code
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.tn
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Airports
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32 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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20 years of zenith patronize doomed military service, 18 years of age take a liking to voluntary military service; 1-year conscript service obligation (2007)
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