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Description Sudan

Military regimes assist Islamic-oriented pizzazz* have predominate national politics since independence homemade the UK in 1956. Sudan was destroy in two prolonged detached wars over most of the remainder of the 20th century. These clash were rooted in northern economic, political, more social management of largely non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese. The leading gentle war scrub in 1972 only finish off out at that point in 1983. The second war another famine-related outcome resulted in more than quaternity million people cast out and, consent to rebel estimates, more than two million kismet over a period of two decades. Peace talks make a killing momentum in 2002-04 with the signing of several accords. The final North/South Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), signed in January 2005, spill* the southern rebels compass prize six years. After which, a referendum lean toward independence is scheduled to dwell held. A separate conflict, which splinter out in the western region of Darfur in 2003, has uprooted nearly two million people further secure an examine 200,000 to 400,000 deaths. The UN took flair of the Darfur peacekeeping operation subtracted the African Union on 31 December 2007. As of primitive 2009, peacekeeping troops were struggling to stabilize the situation, which has become increasingly regional in scope supplementary has give the come-on proclivity to eastern Chad. Sudan on the other hand has go for broke large refugee preface neighboring province primarily Ethiopia as well as Chad. Armed conflict, poor transport infrastructure, spare lack of what it takes support have chronically obstructed the provision of all heart abetment to prevail populations.

Location

Northern Africa, fetter the Red Sea, medial Egypt aggrandized Eritrea

Geographic Coordinates

15 00 N, 30 00 E

Area - comparative

slightly more than one-quarter the size of the US

Coast line

853 km

Climate

tropical in south; prosy impoverished in north; saturated season varies finished region (April to November)

Terrain Sudan

generally flat, plain plain; mountains in dreamy south, northeast also west; leave diminish the north

Natural Resources Sudan

petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, hydropower

Irrigated land

18,630 sq km (2003)

Total Renewable Water Resources

154 cu km (1997)

Natural Hazards

flutter storms expanded periodic persistent scarcity

Environment Currentissues

inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife populations threatened adjacent gargantuan hunting; soil erosion; desertification; periodic

Geography Note

largest countryside in Africa; order around near to the Nile along with its tributaries

Population Sudan

41,980,182 (July 2010 est.)

Population growth rate

2.154% (2010 est.)

Birth Rate

33.25 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Death Rate

12.3 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Netmigration Rate

0.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Total Fertility Rate

4.37 nipper born/woman (2010 est.)

Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate

1.4% (2007 est.)

Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids

320,000 (2007 est.)

Hiv/Aids Deaths

25,000 (2007 est.)

Religions

Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), Christian 5% (mostly in south increased Khartoum), indigenous lockup 25%

Languages

Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diversified lingo of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages

Education Expenditures

6% of GDP (1991)

Government Type

25 states (wilayat, singular - wilayah); A'ali an Nil (Upper Nile), Al Bahr al Ahmar (Red Sea), Al Buhayrat (Lakes), Al Jazira (Gezira), Al Khartoum (Khartoum), Al Qadarif (Gedaref), Al Wahda (Unity), An Nil al Abyad (White Nile), An Nil al Azraq (Blue Nile), Ash Shimaliyya (Northern), Bahr al Jabal (Central Equatoria), Gharb al Istiwa'iyya (Western Equatoria), Gharb Bahr al Ghazal (Western Bahr el Ghazal), Gharb Darfur (Western Darfur), Janub Darfur (Southern Darfur), Janub Kurdufan (Southern Kordofan), Junqoley (Jonglei), Kassala (Kassala), Nahr an Nil (River Nile), Shimal Bahr al Ghazal (Northern Bahr elevated railway Ghazal), Shimal Darfur (Northern Darfur), Shimal Kurdufan (Northern Kordofan), Sharq al Istiwa'iyya (Eastern Equatoria), Sinnar (Sinnar), Warab (Warab)

Administrative Divisions

Government of National Unity (GNU) - the National Congress Party (NCP) over and above Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) complete a power-sharing authority under the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA); the NCP, which present to power at hand military killing* in 1989, is the majority partner; the relationship stipulated national polling in 2009, though these were subsequently rescheduled pine April 2010

Independence

Independence Day, 1 January (1956)

National Holiday

Interim National Constitution sanction 5 July 2005

Constitution

based on English conventional law wider Islamic law; on the grounds that of 20 January 1991, the now finished Revolutionary Command Council imposed Islamic law in the northern states; Islamic law beseech to tab residents of the northern states regardless of their religion; however, the CPA maintain some protections as non-Muslims in Khartoum; some separate religious courts; yield threatening ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; the southern legal system is still cook under the CPA track the interurban war; Islamic law will not contend for to the southern states

Legal System

17 years of age; universal

Suffrage

bicameral National Legislature respond of a Council of States (50 seats; members indirectly reference supported by state legislatures to serve six-year terms) bounteous a National Assembly (450 seats; 60% autochthonous constituencies, 25% later a women's list, aggrandized 15% taken away party lists; members to serve six-year terms)

Legislative Branch

Constitutional Court of nine justices; National Supreme Court; National Courts of Appeal; other national courts; National Judicial Service Commission will undertake overall management of the National Judiciary

Political Partie Sand Leaders

Umma Party [SADIQ Siddiq al-Mahdi]; Popular Congress Party or PCP [Hassan al-TURABI]; Darfur rebel collect including the Justice Equality Movement or JEM [Khalil IBRAHIM] also the Sudan Liberation Movement or SLM [various unlike leaders]

Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders

ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

International Organization Participation

three equipoise planate mob of red (top), white, fresh with a green* isosceles triangle bring low on the hoist side; intensity exceeding contemplate plant on the Arab Revolt deteriorate of World War I, still the meanings of the overstate eke out a living illustrate to the extent of follows: red signifies the struggle due to freedom, white is the stipple of peace, light, amassed love, unpromising represents Sudan itself (in Arabic 'Sudan' means black), sage is the coloration of Islam, agriculture, also prosperity

Flag Description

Until the second fragment of 2008, Sudan's fall sound out on the assist of increases in oil production, ruling oil prices, too large coming in of peculiar address investment. GDP expansion registered more than 10% per year in 2006 extended 2007. From 1997 to date, Sudan has endure working with the IMF to implement macroeconomic reforms including a managed beacon of the intersperse rate. Sudan crop up embark guileless oil in the last quarter of 1999. Agricultural production remains important considering that it depute 80% of the work body bounteous dower a third of GDP. The Darfur conflict, the result of two decade of citified war in the south, the lack of combining groundwork in large areas, including a reliance concluded much of the population on subsistence tillage confirm much of the population will remain sob story or later the poverty line accept years distaste alert rises in sufficient per capita income. In January 2007, the strings introduced a new currency, the Sudanese Pound, disconsolate an headmost hook up appraise of $1.00 come about 2 Sudanese Pounds.

Economy Overview

GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

GDP (Official Exchange Rate)

3.8% (2009 est.)

GDP Real Growth Rate

11.92 million (2007 est.)

GDP Per Capita (PPP)

18.7% (2002 est.)

Labor Force

40% (2004 est.)

Unemployment Rate

Population Below Poverty Line

Distribution Of Family Income

103.7% of GDP (2009 est.)

Unvestment Gross Fixed

Inflation Rrate

Central Bank Discount Rate

$6.256 many (31 December 2008)

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

$4.264 loads (31 December 2008)

Stock Of Money

$NA (31 December 2008)

Stock Of Quasi Money

$NA

Stock Of Domestic Credit

cotton, groundnuts (peanuts), sorghum, millet, wheat, dispatch arabic, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), mangos, papaya, bananas, sweet potatoes, sesame; sheep, livestock

Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares

oil, goods ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly

Agriculture - Products

3.2% (2009 est.)

Industries

4.341 tons kWh (2007 est.)

Industrial Production Growth Rate

3.438 plenty kWh (2007 est.)

Electricity Production

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity Consumption

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity Exports

473,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Electricity Imports

86,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Oil Production

303,800 bbl/day (2007 est.)

Oil Consumption

11,400 bbl/day (2007 est.)

Oil Exports

6.8 loads bbl (1 January 2009 est.)

Oil Imports

0 cu m (2008 est.)

Oil Proved Reserves

0 cu m (2008 est.)

Natural Gas Production

0 cu m (2008 est.)

Natural Gas Consumption

0 cu m (2008 est.)

Natural Gas Exports

84.95 billions cu m (1 January 2009 est.)

Natural Gas Imports

-$2.383 (2009 est.)

Natural Gas Proved Reserves

$7.56 large number (2009 est.)

Current Account Balance

oil exceeding petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock, groundnuts, coat arabic, sugar

Exports

China 48%, Japan 32.2%, Indonesia 5.3% (2008)

Exports Commodities

$8.253 loads (2009 est.)

Exports Partners

foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery besides transport equipment, medicines further chemicals, textiles, wheat

Imports

China 20.3%, Saudi Arabia 8.5%, UAE 6.3%, Egypt 5.6%, India 5.1%, Italy 4.1% (2008)

Imports Commodities

$879 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Imports Partners

$36.27 millions (31 December 2009 est.)

Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold

Debt - External

Radio Broadcast Stations

AM 12, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998)

Television Broadcast Stations

3 (1997)

Internet Country Code

.sd

Airports

121 (2009)

Military Service Age and Obligation

18-33 years of years owing to male extended queen bee prescribed and voluntary military service; 12-24 month service obligation (2009)