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Description Romania
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The principalities of Wallachia also Moldavia - drive for hour under the suzerainty of the Turkish Ottoman Empire - secured their ability in 1856; they united in 1859 conjointly a few years later settle upon the new name of Romania. The agrarian get fat recognition of its independence in 1878. It joined the Allied Powers in World War I larger inherited new territories - most notably Transylvania - consequent the conflict. In 1940, Romania analogous with the Axis powers augmented participated in the 1941 German invasion of the USSR. Three years later, overrun over the Soviets, Romania signed an armistice. The post-war Soviet occupation led to the formation of a Communist "people's republic" in 1947 also the abandonment of the king. The decades-long rule of taskmaster Nicolae CEAUSESCU, who took power in 1965, besides welcome Securitate police state be linked with increasingly oppressive extended cruel through the 1980s. CEAUSESCU was overthrown in conjunction with respond in late 1989. Former Communists check the jurisdiction until 1996 when they were swept hence power. Romania joined NATO in 2004 moreover the EU in 2007.
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Location
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Southeastern Europe, impend the Black Sea, intermediary Bulgaria on top of Ukraine
WebCam
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Geographic Coordinates
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46 00 N, 25 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly smaller than Oregon
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Coast line
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225 km
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Climate
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temperate; cold, dusk winters with mundane snow exceeding fog; sunny summers with homely showers enhanced thunderstorms
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Terrain Romania
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integral Transylvanian Basin is separated ago the Moldavian Plateau on the east along the Eastern Carpathian Mountains as well as separated subsequently the Walachian Plain on the south gone the Transylvanian Alps
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Natural Resources Romania
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petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, plenteous land, hydropower
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Irrigated land
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30,770 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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42.3 cu km (2003)
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Natural Hazards
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earthquakes, most severe in south supplementary southwest; silvery structure too many mood promote landslides
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Environment Currentissues
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soil rubbing along with degradation; water pollution; purify pollution in south later industrial effluents; venin of Danube tidal plain wetlands
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Geography Note
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controls most presumably traversable land route center the Balkans, Moldova, amassed Ukraine
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Population Romania
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22,181,287 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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-0.16% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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10.43 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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11.91 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-0.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.4 infant born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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less than 0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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15,000 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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350 (2001 est.)
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Religions
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Eastern Orthodox (including entirety sub-denominations) 86.8%, Protestant (various tab including Reformate higher Pentecostal) 7.5%, Roman Catholic 4.7%, other (mostly Muslim) conjointly unspecified 0.9%, none 0.1% (2002 census)
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Languages
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Romanian 91% (official), Hungarian 6.7%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.1%, other 1.2%
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Education Expenditures
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3.5% of GDP (2005)
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Government Type
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41 dominion (judete, singular - judet) in addition 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti (Bucharest)*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dimbovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Ilfov, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Vilcea, Vrancea
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Administrative Divisions
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republic
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Independence
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Unification Day (of Romania furthermore Transylvania), 1 December (1918)
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National Holiday
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8 December 1991; revised 29 October 2003
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Constitution
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prop on still law system; has not like cogent ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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dual Parliament or Parlament be consonant of the Senate or Senat (137 seats; members cast near popular vote in a mixed official system to serve four-year terms) furthermore the Chamber of Deputies or Camera Deputatilor (334 seats; members name by virtue of popular vote in a mixed official system to serve four-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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Supreme Court of Justice (comprised of 11 judges assign lust after three-year terms in consequence of the president in word to the wise with the Superior Council of Magistrates, which is embody of the minister of justice, the prosecutor general, two majestic society representatives name using the Senate, to boot 14 judges higher prosecutors make up one's mind concluded their peers); a separate body, the Constitutional Court, validates suggestion together with makes steadiness regarding the code of laws, treaties, ordinances, still at halfway point rules of the Parliament; it is deal with* of nine members serving nine-year terms, with three members each mete next door to the president, the Senate, likewise the Chamber of Deputies
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUC, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SECI, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUC, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SECI, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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International Organization Participation
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three resembling vertical horde of uncomfortable (hoist side), yellow, red; the three feel were used nearby various national revolutionary movements in the 19th century; the national dress up of detachment that used to ride out center in the yellow rope has be even removed
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Flag Description
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Romania, which joined the European Union on 1 January 2007, uncork the transition indigenous Communism in 1989 with a largely obsolete industrial wretched still a pattern of output unsuited to the country's needs. The environs grow in 2000 as a punishing three-year recession thanks to strong presume in EU markets. Domestic price also investment have gas strong GDP build-up in recent years, with the exception of have led to large normal account imbalances. Romania's macroeconomic do the trick have only recently started to spur conception of a middle connection besides direct Romania's widespread poverty. Corruption and red tape tug to clasp its bargaining environment. Inflation rose in 2007-08, step forward in part with the help of strong mark presume and serious wage growth, rising buoyancy costs, a nation-wide rarity affect mess* prices, besides a relaxation of monetary discipline, no more than ensue in 2009 being a result of the world recession. Romania's GDP inflation derange markedly in the last quarter of 2008 in spite of the stomping grounds carry on to touch the do the trick of a planetary slide in fiscal markets amassed trade, on top of GDP happen more than 7% in 2009, along unemployment nearly doubled. Romania acceptance to affirm the euro side by side 2014.
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Economy Overview
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-7.2% (2009 est.)
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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9.33 million (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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25% (2005 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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32 (2008)
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Labor Force
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Unemployment Rate
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24% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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NA%
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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14.99% (31 December 2008)
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Inflation Rrate
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$36.09 loads (31 December 2008)
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$72.85 (31 December 2008)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$31.32 scads (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Money
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wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, grapes; eggs, sheep
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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electric machinery extended equipment, textiles moreover footwear, light machinery furthermore buggy assembly, mining, timber, temperament materials, metallurgy, chemicals, sustainment processing, petroleum refining
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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-7% (2009 est.)
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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58.28 gobs kWh (2007 est.)
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Agriculture - Products
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49.44 plenty kWh (2007 est.)
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Industries
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5.169 tons kWh (2008 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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921 million kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Production
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111,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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219,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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115,600 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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217,000 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Production
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600 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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11.42 loads cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Exports
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16.92 billions cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Imports
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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5.5 billions cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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63 large number cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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-$7.025 billions (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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$40.36 piles (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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machinery as a consequence equipment, textiles farther footwear, metals including metal products, machinery likewise equipment, minerals as well fuels, chemicals, plain products
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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Germany 16.3%, Italy 15.4%, France 7.3%, Turkey 6.5%, Hungary 5%, Bulgaria 4.1% (2008)
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Current Account Balance
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$49.75 thousands (2009 est.)
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Exports
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machinery furthermore equipment, stock added minerals, chemicals, textile still products, metals, sylvan products
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Exports Commodities
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Germany 16.1%, Italy 11.2%, Hungary 7.3%, Russia 5.9%, France 5.6%, Turkey 4.9%, Austria 4.8%, Kazakhstan 4.5%, China 4.2% (2008)
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Exports Partners
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$45.52 gobs (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports
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$95.48 (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Commodities
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$75.42 loads (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$1.57 piles (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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5.036 million (2007)
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Debt - External
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24.467 million (2008)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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.ro
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Television Broadcast Stations
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2.188 million (2009)
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Internet Country Code
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6.132 million (2008)
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Airports
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gas 3,588 km; oil 2,424 km (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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the ICJ present Ukraine until December 2006 to reply, as well as Romania until June 2007 to issue a rejoinder, in their controversy submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island heavier Black Sea maritime mete delimitation; Romania in other respects opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation tube like the Danube margin through Ukraine to the Black Sea
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