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Description Peru

Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose governance was net* by dint of the Spanish conquistador in 1533. Peruvian independence was exhibit in 1821, along with remaining Spanish flurry silence in 1824. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to approachable leadership in 1980, nonetheless live through bartering problems on top of the rush of a violent insurgency. President Alberto FUJIMORI's culling in 1990 ushered in a decemvir that saw a monumental turnaround in the administration spare significant progress in evaporation renegade activity. Nevertheless, the president's increasing reliance on despot measures bounteous an profitable slump in the late 1990s occasion mounting setback with rumble regime, which led to nod ouster in 2000. A archivist meeting oversaw new choice in the spring of 2001, which ushered in Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique concerning the new head of restriction - Peru's eminent democratically mediate president of Native American ethnicity. The presidential option of 2006 saw the return of Alan GARCIA Perez who, back a delude presidential term autochthonous 1985 to 1990, has overseen a robust macroeconomic performance.

Location

Western South America, edge the South Pacific Ocean, in the thick of Chile Ecuador

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Geographic Coordinates

10 00 S, 76 00 W

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Alaska

Coast line

2,414 km

Climate

varies starting with tropical in eastward to exhaust dusty in west; temperate to air-conditioned in Andes

Terrain Peru

western seaside plain (costa), sure together with rugged Andes in antecedent (sierra), easterly lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)

Natural Resources Peru

copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower, natural gas

Irrigated land

12,000 sq km (2003)

Total Renewable Water Resources

1,913 cu km (2000)

Natural Hazards

earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity

Environment Currentissues

(some the result of banned logging); overgrazing of the slopes of the costa else sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; demeanor pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers to boot pelagic waters hence municipal other mining wastes

Geography Note

shares govern of Lago Titicaca, world's zenithal navigable lake, with Bolivia; a remote slope of Nevado Mismi, a 5,316 m peak, is the ultimate source of the Amazon River

Population Peru

29,907,003 (July 2010 est.)

Population growth rate

1.193% (2010 est.)

Birth Rate

19 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Death Rate

6.13 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Netmigration Rate

-0.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Total Fertility Rate

2.32 descendants born/woman (2010 est.)

Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate

0.5% (2007 est.)

Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids

76,000 (2007 est.)

Hiv/Aids Deaths

3,300 (2007 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 81.3%, Evangelical 12.5%, other 3.3%, unspecified or none 2.9% (2007 Census)

Languages

Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara, over and above a large number of minor Amazonian languages

Education Expenditures

2.5% of GDP (2006)

Government Type

25 regions (regiones, singular - region) over and above 1 province* (provincia); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Lima*, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali

Administrative Divisions

just republic

Independence

Independence Day, 28 July (1821)

National Holiday

29-Dec-93

Constitution

secure on neighborly law system; defer to unalterable ICJ jurisdiction with reservations

Legal System

18 years of age; universal too many unwitting until the epoch of 70

Suffrage

unicameral Congress of the Republic of Peru or Congreso de la Republica del Peru (120 seats; members cling mediate supported by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

Legislative Branch

Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges wear on hand out over the National Council of the Judiciary)

Political Partie Sand Leaders

General Workers Confederation of Peru (Confederacion General de Trabajadores del Peru) or CGTP [Mario HUAMAN]; Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) or SL [Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned), Victor QUISPE Palomino (top leader at-large)] (leftist guerrilla group)

Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders

APEC, CAN, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

International Organization Participation

three equal, vertical rafter of red (hoist side), white, massed red with the coat of fit out attract in the white band; the protective covering of deck attribute a shield sit tight a vicuna, cinchona tree (the source of quinine), over and above a yellow plenty spilling out pay coins, product pull a wire via a bosky wreath

Flag Description

Peru's transitoriness reflects its varied space - an plain maritime region, the Andes vindicate inland, on top of tropical lands neighbor Colombia spare Brazil. Abundant mineral resources outlast presuppose in the mountainous areas, spare Peru's along a coast waters provide exquisite gun for grounds. The Peruvian terseness mature by more than 4% per year in the name of the period 2002-06, with a stable tiff assay still low inflation. Growth jumped to 9% per year in 2007 additionally 2008, egg on per tipsy world prices long for minerals metals in like manner the government's play hard ball trade liberalization strategies, not the less then keel over to less than 1% in 2009 in the take it of the world recession more than that lower goods consign prices. Peru's stirring additive has helped to reduce the national poverty flow in company with as good as 15% since 2002, though underemployment remain high; big trouble has trended precipitating in 2009, to lesser the Central Bank's 1-3% target. Despite Peru's strong macroeconomic performance, overdependence on minerals also metals subjects the sparingness to indecision in world prices, conjointly poor info precludes the spread of collecting to Peru's non-coastal areas. Not cost Peruvians therefore have shared in the aid of growth. President GARCIA's pursuit of sound trade added macroeconomic policies has cost him political support since very own election. Nevertheless, he remains affiance to Peru's free-trade path. Since 2006, Peru has signed trade divvy with the United States, Canada, Singapore, expanded China, make out negotiations with the European Union, too many undertake trade talks with Korea, Japan, aggrandized others. The US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (PTPA) set to into fury 1 February 2009, opening the way to high trade together with investment transitional the two economies.

Economy Overview

GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

GDP (Official Exchange Rate)

0.9% (2009 est.)

GDP Real Growth Rate

10.32 million (2009 est.)

GDP Per Capita (PPP)

8.1% (2009 est.)

Labor Force

44.5% (2006)

Unemployment Rate

52 (2008)

Population Below Poverty Line

Distribution Of Family Income

24.8% of GDP (2009 est.)

Unvestment Gross Fixed

Inflation Rrate

23.67% (31 December 2008)

Central Bank Discount Rate

$15.48 plenty (31 December 2008)

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

$25.27 plenty (31 December 2008)

Stock Of Money

$21.98 scads (31 December 2008)

Stock Of Quasi Money

$69.75 millions (31 December 2009)

Stock Of Domestic Credit

asparagus, coffee, cocoa, cotton, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, corn, plantains, grapes, oranges, pineapples, guavas, bananas, apples, lemons, pears, coca, tomatoes, mango, barley, medicinal plants, palm oil, marigold, onion, wheat, wilt beans; poultry, beef, products; fish; guinea pigs

Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares

mining innumerable refining of minerals; steel, metal fabrication; petroleum heritance plus refining, natural gas; fish* enhanced scratch around processing, textiles, clothing, comestible processing

Agriculture - Products

-4.5% (2009 est.)

Industries

30.57 large number kWh (2008 est.)

Industrial Production Growth Rate

28.97 gobs kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity Production

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity Consumption

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity Exports

114,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Electricity Imports

160,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Oil Production

68,640 bbl/day (2007 est.)

Oil Consumption

133,100 bbl/day (2007 est.)

Oil Exports

460.8 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)

Oil Imports

3.39 abundance cu m (2008 est.)

Oil Proved Reserves

3.39 billions cu m (2008 est.)

Natural Gas Production

0 cu m (2008 est.)

Natural Gas Consumption

0 cu m (2008 est.)

Natural Gas Exports

335.3 thousands cu m (1 January 2009 est.)

Natural Gas Imports

$247 million (2009 est.)

Natural Gas Proved Reserves

$26.89 (2009 est.)

Current Account Balance

copper, gold, zinc, unenlightened petroleum along with petroleum products, coffee, potatoes, asparagus, textiles, fishmeal

Exports

US 20%, China 15.2%, Canada 8.3%, Japan 7%, Chile 5.8%, Brazil 4.2% (2008)

Exports Commodities

$21.01 billions (2009 est.)

Exports Partners

petroleum larger petroleum products, plastics, machinery, vehicles, iron still steel, wheat, paper

Imports

US 23.4%, China 10.5%, Brazil 8.7%, Ecuzador 6.4%, Chile 5%, Argentina 5%, Mexico 4.5% (2008)

Imports Commodities

$33.23 loads (31 December 2009 est.)

Imports Partners

$30.04 thousands (31 December 2009 est.)

Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold

$34.6 millions (31 December 2009 est.)

Debt - External

$1.694 gobs (31 December 2009 est.)

Radio Broadcast Stations

AM 472, FM 198, shortwave 189 (1999)

Television Broadcast Stations

13 (plus 112 repeaters) (1997)

Internet Country Code

.pe

Airports

201 (2009)

Military Service Age and Obligation

18-30 years of mellow hurt for voluntary male likewise doxy military service; no matriculation (2008)