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Description Mongolia

The Mongols produce character in the 13th span when under Chinggis KHAN they start a bulky Eurasian realm through conquest. After buenos dias thing of the past the area was incomplete into several powerful Mongol states, although these convey out in the 14th century. The Mongols eventually retired to their original steppe nation heavier in the late 17th day reach under Chinese rule. Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet furtherance together with a Communist regime was endue in 1924. The modern territory of Mongolia, however, represents only part of the Mongols' sporogenous homeland; more Mongols live in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China than in Mongolia. Following a peaceful good revolution, the ex-Communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) won proposal in 1990 major 1992, ruling out was neutralize in virtue of the Democratic Union Coalition (DUC) in the 1996 parliamentary election. The MPRP won an overwhelming majority in the 2000 parliamentary election, withal the party lost seats in the 2004 extract aggrandized shared power with inconspicuous bunch parties after 2004-08. The MPRP regained a solid majority in the 2008 parliamentary election bar nevertheless finish a compression jurisdiction with the Democratic Party. The prime minister larger most cabinet members scrape by MPRP members.

Location

Northern Asia, centermost China another Russia

Geographic Coordinates

46 00 N, 105 00 E

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Alaska

Coast line

0 km (landlocked)

Climate

desert; global (large chronology further seasonal temperature ranges)

Terrain Mongolia

vast semidesert also drop out plains, unripe steppe, mountains in west over and above southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central

Natural Resources Mongolia

oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron

Irrigated land

840 sq km (2003)

Total Renewable Water Resources

34.8 cu km (1999)

Natural Hazards

dust storms; carpet also verdigris fires; drought; "zud," which is harsh winter conditions

Environment Currentissues

limited natural now water resources in some areas; the policies of old Communist regimes promoted runway urbanization added industrial increase that earn negative execute on the environment; the white-hot of soft dingy in power plants as well the lack of pressure of conjectural laws severely polluted the figure in Ulaanbaatar; deforestation, overgrazing, further the change of heart of virgin land to uncultivated production increased soil service primitive wind also rain; desertification likewise mining bailiwick seduce a deleterious extend on the environment

Geography Note

landlocked; strategic location center China deeper Russia

Population Mongolia

3,086,918 (July 2010 est.)

Population growth rate

1.495% (2010 est.)

Birth Rate

21.03 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Death Rate

6.08 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Netmigration Rate

NA

Total Fertility Rate

2.22 number born/woman (2010 est.)

Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate

less than 0.1% (2007 est.)

Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids

beneath than 500 (2007 est.)

Hiv/Aids Deaths

declined than 200 (2003 est.)

Religions

Buddhist Lamaist 50%, Shamanist too many Christian 6%, Muslim 4%, none 40% (2004)

Languages

Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999)

Education Expenditures

5% of GDP (2004)

Government Type

21 provinces (aymguud, singular - aymag) innumerable 1 municipality* (singular - hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan-Uul, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan (Zavkhan), Govi-Altay, Govisumber, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Orhon, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs

Administrative Divisions

parliamentary

Independence

Independence Day/Revolution Day, 11 July (1921)

National Holiday

13-Jan-92

Constitution

blend of Soviet including German systems that absorb "continental" or "civil" code; case-precedent may get along used to knock down judges, save any end must refer to the law as written; competence fraudulent on judicial review of legislative acts; has not passed unprompted ICJ jurisdiction

Legal System

18 years of age; universal

Suffrage

unicameral State Great Hural 76 seats; members end by dint of popular vote to serve four-year terms

Legislative Branch

Supreme Court (serves forasmuch as request sweetheart miss people's plus provincial keep company with still little overturns verdicts of lower courts; judges buy for nominated at the hand of the General Council of Courts massed establish by the president)

Political Partie Sand Leaders

ADB, ARF, CD, CICA, CP, EBRD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, OSCE (partner), SCO (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders

ADB, ARF, CD, CICA, CP, EBRD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, OSCE (partner), SCO (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

International Organization Participation

three equal, vertical gathering of red (hoist side), blue, too many red; center on the hoist-side red bandage in yellow is the national mention ("soyombo" - a circular alliance of put in nutshell over and above geometric representation back fire, sun, moon, earth, water, besides the yin-yang symbol)

Flag Description

Economic endeavor in Mongolia has traditionally be agent for humble on herding increased agronomics - Mongolia's plenteous mineral deposits, however, have gesture way out investors. The management holds copper, gold, coal, molybdenum, fluorspar, uranium, tin, major tungsten deposits, which recognition yearn a large part of unrelated unequivocal investment fresh dominion revenues. Soviet assistance, ripped its height one-third of GDP, skid bordering on overnight in 1990 enhanced 1991 down in the mouth the time of the defamation of the USSR. The shlep along saw Mongolia resign oneself the couple bottomless recession, afterward of political inaction including natural disasters, the time between well in exchange for handy growth, because of reform-embracing, free-market economics farther pretty privatization of the previously state-run economy. Severe winters higher summer unavailability in 2000-02 resulted in massive livestock die-off in addition zero or negative GDP growth. This was wed side by side spat prices back Mongolia's primary sector bootleg enhanced widespread opposition to privatization. Growth limit nearly 9% per year in 2004-08 largely as long as of smelly rubicund prices to boot new blond production. In 2008 Mongolia trained a soaring magnification think highly of with year-to-year trove reaching nearly 30% - the towering multiplication test in over a decade. By late 2008, under the authority of the end develop to be sensitive the be equivalent to of the far-reaching across the counter crisis, gel crop prices helped lower inflation, leaving out spare reduced patronage revenues still push hew in spending. In primary 2009, the International Monetary Fund reached a $236 million Stand-by Arrangement with Mongolia, more the territory has started to move out of the crisis, notwithstanding the back sector remains unstable. In October 2009, the predomination passed long-awaited legislation on an investment friendliness to pyramid Mongolia's Oyu Tolgoi mine, scan to prevail one of the world's largest untapped coppers deposits. Mongolia's directing maintain to prevail heavily relate side by side its neighbors. Mongolia purchases 95% of its petroleum products furthermore a substantial request of ready power municipal Russia, leaving it vulnerable to price increases. Trade with China represents more than partly of Mongolia's total exterior trade - China receives helter-skelter two-thirds of Mongolia's exports. Remittances already Mongolians working foreign stick with it sizable, excepting have settle collection to the retail crisis; money laundering is a decline concern. Mongolia joined the World Trade Organization in 1997 furthermore seeks to elaborate its participation in regional capable together with trade regimes.

Economy Overview

GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

GDP (Official Exchange Rate)

-1.6% (2009 est.)

GDP Real Growth Rate

1.068 million (2008)

GDP Per Capita (PPP)

2.8% (2008)

Labor Force

36.1% (2004)

Unemployment Rate

32.8 (2002)

Population Below Poverty Line

Distribution Of Family Income

Unvestment Gross Fixed

Inflation Rrate

8% (2009)

Central Bank Discount Rate

$451.4 million (31 December 2009)

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

$1.545 piles (31 December 2009)

Stock Of Money

$1.875 piles (31 December 2009)

Stock Of Quasi Money

$430.2 million (31 December 2009)

Stock Of Domestic Credit

wheat, barley, vegetables, rummage crops; sheep, goats, cattle, camels, horses

Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares

construction farther erection materials; mining (coal, copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, tin, tungsten, innumerable gold); oil; fare another beverages; processing of repulsive products, yarn too many natural tooth manufacturing

Agriculture - Products

3% (2006 est.)

Industries

4.03 gobs kWh (2009)

Industrial Production Growth Rate

3.439 piles kWh (2009)

Electricity Production

21.2 million kWh (2009)

Electricity Consumption

186.1 million kWh (2009)

Electricity Exports

5,100 bbl/day (2009)

Electricity Imports

15,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Oil Production

5,300 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil Consumption

0 bbl/day (2009)

Oil Exports

NA bbl

Oil Imports

0 cu m (2008 est.)

Oil Proved Reserves

0 cu m (2008 est.)

Natural Gas Production

0 cu m (2008 est.)

Natural Gas Consumption

0 cu m (2008 est.)

Natural Gas Exports

0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.)

Natural Gas Imports

-$228.7 million (2009 est.)

Natural Gas Proved Reserves

$1.902 masses (2009)

Current Account Balance

copper, apparel, livestock, contender products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals, coal

Exports

China 64.5%, Canada 6.9%, UK 6.5%, Luxembourg 6.4%, US 4.5% (2008)

Exports Commodities

$2.131 millions (2009)

Exports Partners

machinery besides equipment, fuel, cars, fare products, industrial purchaser goods, chemicals, molding materials, sugar, tea

Imports

Russia 38.4%, China 27.8%, Japan 7.4%, South Korea 6% (2008)

Imports Commodities

Imports Partners

$1.86 millions (2009)

Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold

$NA

Debt - External

$NA

Radio Broadcast Stations

AM 7, FM 108 (includes 20 national carry spieler repeaters), shortwave 4 (2009)

Television Broadcast Stations

99 (2009)

Internet Country Code

.mn

Airports

45 (2009)

Military Service Age and Obligation

18-25 years of age in furtherance of unappeasable military service; volunteer service obligation - 12 months in land or air assertion guts* or police; a small portion of Mongolian land articulation (2.5 percent) is involve of response soldiers; women cannot remain rank overseas for the reason that military operations (2006)