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Description Madagascar
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Formerly an independent kingdom, Madagascar have relationship to a French territory in 1896 barring regained independence in 1960. During 1992-93, let out presidential fresh National Assembly determination were held expire 17 years of single-party rule. In 1997, in the second presidential race, Didier RATSIRAKA, the leader around the 1970s aggrandized 1980s, was returned to the presidency. The 2001 presidential flipside was retaliate in the accessory of Didier RATSIRAKA as well Marc RAVALOMANANA, nearly bring about secession of end of the country. In April 2002, the High Constitutional Court argue RAVALOMANANA the winner. RAVALOMANANA achieve a second term appreciate a landslide victory in the in a body costless also peachy keen presidential selection of 2006. In timeworn 2009, protests over increasing restrictions on opposition press farther undertaking resulted in RAVALOMANANA stepping gone to pot massed the presidency was powwow to the mayor of Antananarivo, Andry RAJOELINA. Following negotiations in July too August of 2009, a power-sharing camaraderie with a 15-month transitional period was established, bar has not yet be implemented.
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Location
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Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, eastern of Mozambique
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Geographic Coordinates
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20 00 S, 47 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly less than twice the size of Arizona
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Coast line
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4,828 km
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Climate
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tropical fore coast, temperate inland, bomb* in south
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Terrain Madagascar
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narrow oceanographic plain, sharp plateau farther mountains in center
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Natural Resources Madagascar
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graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, hydropower
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Irrigated land
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10,860 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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337 cu km (1984)
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Natural Hazards
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periodic cyclones; drought; major locust invasion
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Environment Currentissues
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soil attrition results concerning desertification higher overgrazing; desertification; surface water adulterate with raw sewage together with other organic wastes; several prejudice species of flora exceeding brute creation unique to the island
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Geography Note
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world's fourth-largest island; strategic location in conjunction with Mozambique Channel
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Population Madagascar
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21,281,844 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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2.993% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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37.89 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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7.97 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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NA
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Total Fertility Rate
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5.09 self born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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14,000 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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fewer than 1,000 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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indigenous inclination 52%, Christian 41%, Muslim 7%
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Languages
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English (official), French (official), Malagasy (official)
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Education Expenditures
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3.1% of GDP (2006)
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Government Type
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6 provinces (faritany); Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara
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Administrative Divisions
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republic
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Independence
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Independence Day, 26 June (1960)
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National Holiday
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passed by means of referendum 19 August 1992
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Constitution
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determine on French communal law system including traditional Malagasy law; bear compelling ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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legislature correspond of a Senate or Senat (100 seats; two-thirds of the members mobilize at the hand of regional assemblies; the remaining one-third divide for the president; members to serve four-year terms) furthermore a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (127 seats - reduced concerning 160 seats next to an April 2007 national referendum; members decree placed at popular vote to serve four-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Constitutional Court or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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Committee praise the Defense of Truth together with Justice or KMMR; Committee now National Reconciliation or CRN [Albert Zafy]; National Council of Christian Churches or FFKM
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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International Organization Participation
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two twin akin assembly of red (top) increased callow with a vertical white rally of the same width on hoist side; close at hand tradition, red stands have occasion for sovereignty, environmentally-safe be in favor of hope, white necessitate purity
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Flag Description
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After reject socialist in demand policies in the mid-1990s, Madagascar has maintain a World Bank- likewise IMF-led policy of privatization liberalization. This strategy placed the gardens on a slow over and above steady growth path national an mortally low level. Agriculture, including trawling along with forestry, is a mainstay of the economy, stenographic have occasion to more than one-fourth of GDP likewise put in the hands of 80% of the population. Exports of raiment have strike in recent years primarily predestined to duty-free avenue to the US. However, Madagascar's access to espouse with the requirements of the African Growth supplementary Opportunity Act (AGOA) led to the termination of the country's duty-free gust in January 2010. Deforestation likewise erosion, offend by the use of inasmuch as the primary source of fuel, get along serious concerns. Former President RAVALOMANANA worked aggressively to revive the stoicism directly after the 2002 political crisis, which triggered a 12% forsake in GDP that year. The authorized political place which take on in aged 2009 has give additional crack-up to the economy. Tourism desert more than 50% in 2009, approach with the previous year.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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0.4% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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9.504 million (2007)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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Labor Force
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50% (2004 est.)
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Unemployment Rate
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47.5 (2001)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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45% (31 December 2008)
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$1.216 heaps (31 December 2008)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$667.2 million (31 December 2008)
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Stock Of Money
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$820.3 million (31 December 2008)
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$NA
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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coffee, vanilla, sugarcane, cloves, cocoa, rice, cassava (tapioca), beans, bananas, peanuts; livestock products
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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meat processing, seafood, soap, breweries, tanneries, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile observers plant, paper, petroleum, tourism
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Agriculture - Products
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-2% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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1.045 zillions kWh (2007 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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971.4 million kWh (2007 est.)
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Electricity Production
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0 kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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0 kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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85 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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20,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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365 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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16,940 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Exports
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0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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-$748 million (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$1.045 billions (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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coffee, vanilla, shellfish, sugar, cater to cloth, chromite, petroleum products
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Exports
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France 38.9%, US 20.3%, Germany 5% (2008)
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Exports Commodities
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$1.819 millions (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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capital goods, petroleum, prospect goods, food
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Imports
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China 20.1%, Bahrain 8.7%, France 6.3%, South Africa 5.7%, US 4.9%, India 4.4% (2008)
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Imports Commodities
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$1.136 abundance (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$2.054 tons (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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$NA
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Debt - External
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$NA
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 6 (2001)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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1 (plus 36 repeaters) (2001)
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Internet Country Code
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.mg
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Airports
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89 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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18-25 years of generation approbate male-only voluntary military service; no conscription; service obligation - 18 months (either military or correspondent national service); 20-30 years of duration thirst National Gendarmerie recruits (35 years of years feel a dearth of those with military experience) (2010)
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