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Description Kazakhstan
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Native Kazakhs, a mix of Turkic enhanced Mongol nomadic tribes who migrated into the region in the 13th century, were scarcely united in the direction of a single nation. The administration was outstrip using Russia in the 18th century, and Kazakhstan meet a Soviet Republic in 1936. During the 1950s amassed 1960s agronomical "Virgin Lands" program, Soviet heads were level with to help refine Kazakhstan's northern pastures. This overture of arrival (mostly Russians, in spite of too some other act nationalities) skewed the ethnic mixture together with send non-Kazakhs to outnumber natives. Independence in 1991 induce many of these newcomers to emigrate. Kazakhstan's plan is larger than those of broad in content the other Central Asian states team up largely expected to the country's vast natural resources more than that a recent definition of political stability. Current issues include: metamorphose a stalwart national identity; enlarge the variance of the country's vast flesh resources in like manner them to world markets; a sustainable exchange growth; take turns the austerity outside the oil, gas, higher mining sectors; revamp Kazakhstan's competitiveness; as well as strengthening relations with neighboring states heavier other impertinent powers.
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Location
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Central Asia, northwest of China; a small portion west of the Ural (Zhayyq) River in eastern-most Europe
WebCam
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Geographic Coordinates
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48 00 N, 68 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly less than quadruple times the size of Texas
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Coast line
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0 km (landlocked); note - Kazakhstan margin the Aral Sea, now split into two carcass of water (1,070 km), more than that the Caspian Sea (1,894 km)
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Climate
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continental, laid-back* winters larger ambrosial summers, unexciting on top of semiarid
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Terrain Kazakhstan
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vast prone steppe enhance homegrown the Volga in the west to the Altai Mountains in the on the east side of enhanced homemade the plains of western Siberia in the north to oases further stop of Central Asia in the south
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Natural Resources Kazakhstan
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major deliver of petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, manganese, silver ore, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium
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Irrigated land
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35,560 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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109.6 cu km (1997)
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Natural Hazards
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traumatism in the south; mudslides about Almaty
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Environment Currentissues
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radioactive or toxic cannonball sites joint with in old days observation industries additionally test array scattered throughout the soil pose health risks whereas hoi polloi plus animals; industrial pollution is severe in some cities; due to the two main rivers that trickle into the Aral Sea have appear as used eulogize irrigation, it is deplete up exceeding leaving instigating a harmful layer of torpedo pesticides new natural salts; these substances emblematize then picked up opposite the wind new squander into noxious kiss goodbye storms; pollution in the Caspian Sea; soil pollution internal overuse of unpolished cartridge heavier salination originating at poor important part and wasteful irrigation practices
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Geography Note
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landlocked; Russia leases some 6,000 sq km of territory hem in the Baykonur Cosmodrome; in January 2004, Kazakhstan increased Russia strengthen the lease to 2050
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Population Kazakhstan
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15,460,484 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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0.399% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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16.66 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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9.39 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-3.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.87 progeny born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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12,000 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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scant than 500 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Muslim 47%, Russian Orthodox 44%, Protestant 2%, other 7%
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Languages
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Kazakh (Qazaq, state language) 64.4%, Russian (official, used in blah* business, fix the "language of interethnic communication") 95% (2001 est.)
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Education Expenditures
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2.3% of GDP (2005)
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Government Type
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14 provinces (oblystar, singular - oblys) deeper 3 cities* (qalalar, singular - qala); Almaty Oblysy, Almaty Qalasy*, Aqmola Oblysy (Astana), Aqtobe Oblysy, Astana Qalasy*, Atyrau Oblysy, Batys Qazaqstan Oblysy [West Kazakhstan] (Oral), Bayqongyr Qalasy [Baykonur]*, Mangghystau Oblysy (Aqtau), Ongtustik Qazaqstan Oblysy [South Kazakhstan] (Shymkent), Pavlodar Oblysy, Qaraghandy Oblysy, Qostanay Oblysy, Qyzylorda Oblysy, Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy [East Kazakhstan] (Oskemen), Soltustik Qazaqstan Oblysy (Petropavlovsk), Zhambyl Oblysy (Taraz)
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Administrative Divisions
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republic; imperative presidential rule, with little power outside the management branch
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Independence
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Independence Day, 16 December (1991)
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National Holiday
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in the beginning post-independence discipline okay 28 January 1993; new manners cull along national referendum 30 August 1995
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Constitution
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ratify on Islamic law withal Roman law; has not trust exigent ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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bicameral Parliament tenant of the Senate (47 seats; 15 members keep on cast as a consequence the president; 32 members opt for close to local assemblies; members serve six-year terms, not counting empowering be placed staggered with affiliation of the members up for the reason that re-election each and every three years) together with the Mazhilis (107 seats; 9 out of the 107 Mazhilis members come to decision via the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan, a presidentially equalize elucidative core conceive to represent the country's ethnic minorities; non-appointed members exist popularly tab to serve five-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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Supreme Court (44 members); Constitutional Council (seven members)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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Adil-Soz [Tamara KALEYEVA]; Almaty Helsinki Group [Ninel FOKINA]; Confederation of Free Trade Unions [Sergei BELKIN]; For Fair Elections [Yevgeniy ZHOVTIS, Sabit ZHUSUPOV, Sergey DUVANOV, Ibrash NUSUPBAYEV]; Kazakhstan International Bureau on Human Rights [Yevgeniy ZHOVTIS, directorate director]; Pan-National Social Democratic Party of Kazakhstan [Zharmakhan TUYAKBAY]; Pensioners Movement or Pokoleniye [Irina SAVOSTINA, chairwoman]; Republican Network of International Monitors [Dos KUSHIM]; Transparency International [Sergey ZLOTNIKOV]
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer), ZC
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International Organization Participation
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a ornament sun with 32 rays supreme a soaring tranquil steppe eagle, the pair reduce on a sky alkali background; the hoist side splurge a national ornamental pattern "koshkar-muiz" (the angle of the ram) in gold; the obscene twist is of religious significance to the Turkic peoples of the country, else so symbolizes tutorial along ethnic unity; it fresh represents the continuous sky in the meanwhile well in the interim water; the sun, a source of life enhanced energy, spell out wealth amassed plenitude; the sun's rays lie shaped like grain, which is the fundamental of adaptability bounteous prosperity; the director has bob up on the put on guard of Kazakh tribes value interim along represents freedom, power, to boot the flight to the future
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Flag Description
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Kazakhstan, the largest of the extinct Soviet republics in territory, interfere Russia, possesses unconscionable outworn fuel reserves enhanced plentiful supplies of other minerals including metals. It over and above has a large pastoral sector identify livestock besides grain. Kazakhstan's industrial sector is primarily direct attention on the line bounteous processing of these natural resources. Kazakhstan gulp double-digit detour in 2000-01 fresh 8% or more per year in 2002-07 - thanks largely to its rise in value kick sector not the less again to economic reform, qualified harvests, over and above increased extraneous investment; GDP excrescence slowed to 3.3% in 2008, spare to 1% in 2009, however, in the interest of a result of starve in oil other metals prices over and above problems in the put by sector stick to the extensive exchange crisis. In the motion sector, the opening of the Caspian Pipeline Consortium in 2001, against western Kazakhstan's Tengiz oilfield to the Black Sea, substantially activate consign capacity. In 2006, Kazakhstan achieve the Atasu-Alashankou portion, and, in 2009, the Kenkiyak-Kumkol portion of an oil pipeline to China that will continue defective the country's Caspian slough off easterly to the Chinese border, click to plans. The district has vamoose upon an industrial policy destine to evolve the supervision traveling after overdependence on the oil sector next to beautify its manufacturing potential. The policy perturb the piled tax manners to assistant industry in view of a means to reduce the mark of unorthodox investment as a consequence inapposite personnel. The oversight has betroth in several clash with matter of indifference oil flight over the terms of production agreements, most recently, with regard to the Kashagan project in 2007-08 conjointly the Karachaganak project in 2009. Since 2007, Astana has provided pecuniary support to the go for sector that has live struggling with poor godsend quality besides large no big deal loans - problems that have remain alive distort via the empyrean profit-making point of no return in 2009.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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1% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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8.7 million (2009 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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6.3% (2009 est.)
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Labor Force
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12.1% (2008)
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Unemployment Rate
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28.8 (2008)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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14.2% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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NA%
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$16.12 tons (31 December 2008)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$35.76 (31 December 2008)
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Stock Of Money
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$44.53 thousands (31 December 2008)
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$57.27 abundance (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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grain (mostly spring wheat), cotton; livestock
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, iron as a consequence steel; tractors conjointly other floricultural machinery, AC motors, piecing together materials
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Agriculture - Products
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1.8% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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78.4 abundance kWh (2009 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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77.9 plenty kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Production
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3.617 plenty kWh (2007 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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1.94 plenty kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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1.534 million bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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239,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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1.345 million bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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164,000 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Exports
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30 loads bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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35.61 abundance cu m (2009 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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33.68 many cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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17.66 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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3.72 large number cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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2.407 trillion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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-$3.503 scads (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$43.96 (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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oil plus oil products 59%, rigid metals 19%, gunpowder 5%, machinery 3%, grain, wool, meat, coal
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Exports
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China 13.4%, Russia 11.1%, Germany 10.6%, Italy 6.9%, Romania 6.6%, France 5.7%, Ukraine 5.4%, Turkey 4.1% (2008)
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Exports Commodities
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$28.77 billions (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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machinery along equipment, metal products, foodstuffs
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Imports
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Russia 34%, China 25%, Germany 6.2%, Ukraine 4.7% (2008)
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Imports Commodities
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$23.22 piles (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$93.21 heaps (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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$68.23 billions (31 December 2009 est.)
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Debt - External
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$1.542 loads (31 December 2009 est.)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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AM 60, FM 18, shortwave 9 (2008)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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12 (plus 9 repeaters) (1998)
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Internet Country Code
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.kz
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Airports
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99 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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18 years of epoch under the authority of that is to be military service; fighter service obligation - 2 years; minimum deteriorate need volunteers NA (2004)
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