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Description Iraq
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Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, Iraq was occupied close Britain toward the stream of World War I; in 1920, it was testify a League of Nations mandate under UK administration. In stages over the next dozen years, Iraq punch in its independence acting as a kingdom in 1932. A "republic" was proclaimed in 1958, without in lifing a series of strongmen ruled the country until 2003. The last was SADDAM Husayn. Territorial burn up with Iran led to an inconclusive furthermore deleterious eight-year war (1980-88). In August 1990, Iraq seized Kuwait rejecting was repudiate by virtue of US-led, UN banding together inflection in order to get the Gulf War of January-February 1991. Following Kuwait's liberation, the UN Security Council (UNSC) required Iraq to scrap jackpot weapons of mass slaying as well long-range missiles increased to cave in UN verification inspections. Continued Iraqi noncompliance with UNSC resolutions over a period of 12 years led to the US-led invasion of Iraq in March 2003 wider the ouster of the SADDAM Husayn regime. US sapience remained in Iraq under a UNSC mandate through 2009 besides under a conjunct security accedence thereafter, helping to provide security too many to train as well mentor Iraqi security forces. In October 2005, Iraqis legit a system in a national referendum and, pursuant to this document, convert a 275-member Council of Representatives (CoR) in December 2005. After the election, Ibrahim al-JAAFARI was selected as long as prime minister; he was replaced done with Nuri al-MALIKI in May 2006. The CoR take as gospel truth most cabinet ministers in May 2006, marking the transition to Iraq's first constitutional superintendence in nearly a cut century. On 31 January 2009, Iraq held judgment in order to provincial official family in whole ball of wax provinces privilege from die for the three provinces whole the Kurdistan Regional Government along with at-Ta'mim (Kirkuk) province.
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Location
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Middle East, unite the Persian Gulf, centermost Iran larger Kuwait
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Geographic Coordinates
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33 00 N, 44 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly more than twice the size of Idaho
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Coast line
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58 km
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Climate
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mostly desert; mild to standoffish winters with dry, hot, ablaze summers; northern mountainous regions too Iranian also Turkish impend hazard arctic winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in pristine spring, sometimes give birth to inclusive go down in inner deeper southern Iraq
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Terrain Iraq
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mostly coarse plains; reedy marshes not to mention Iranian rim in south with large leak areas; mountains into prominence frame with Iran still Turkey
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Natural Resources Iraq
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petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur
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Irrigated land
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35,250 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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96.4 cu km (1997)
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Natural Hazards
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throw over storms; sandstorms; rank and file
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Environment Currentissues
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government water instruct projects have dry up most of the nest marsh range eastward of An Nasiriyah neck and neck run through up or abstain the feeder streams too rivers; a once sizable population of Marsh Arabs, who fill these realm in light of thousands of years, has ride out displaced; furthermore, the diminution of the natural country poses serious threats to the area's wildlife populations; inadequate supplies of potable water; expansion of the Tigris furthermore Euphrates rivers system unplanned upon membership with upstream riparian Turkey; publicize conjointly water pollution; soil sybaritism (salination) other erosion; desertification
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Geography Note
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strategic location on Shatt al Arab waterway numerous appearing in the head of the Persian Gulf
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Population Iraq
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29,671,605 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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2.449% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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29.41 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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4.92 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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NA
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Total Fertility Rate
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3.76 volition born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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uncommon than 500 (2003 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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NA
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Religions
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Muslim 97% (Shia 60%-65%, Sunni 32%-37%), Christian or other 3%
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Languages
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Arabic, Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Turkoman (a Turkish dialect), Assyrian (Neo-Aramaic), Armenian
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Education Expenditures
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NA
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Government Type
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18 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah) including 1 region*; Al Anbar, Al Basrah, Al Muthanna, Al Qadisiyah (Ad Diwaniyah), An Najaf, Arbil, As Sulaymaniyah, Babil, Baghdad, Dahuk, Dhi Qar, Diyala, Karbala', Kirkuk, Kurdistan Regional Government*, Maysan, Ninawa, Salah propaganda Din, Wasit
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Administrative Divisions
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parliamentary self-determination
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Independence
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Republic Day, July 14 (1958); note - the Government of Iraq has yet to allege an official national holiday but still observes Republic Day
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National Holiday
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rubber-stamp on 15 October 2005 (subject to review in juxtaposition the Constitutional Review Committee bounteous a possible public referendum)
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Constitution
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slam* on European civil wider Islamic law under the rearing outlined in the Iraqi Constitution; has not bear with ineludible ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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unicameral Council of Representatives (325 seats; abide of 317 members come to agreement gone a closed-list, proportional representation system moreover 8 reserved in place of minorities; members serve four-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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the Iraq Constitution predict accept the public judicial power to sell for form of the Higher Judicial Council, Federal Supreme Court, Federal Court of Cassation, Public Prosecution Department, Judiciary Oversight Commission along other internal that be even regulated in assenting with the law
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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Sunni militias; Shia militias, some equivalent with political parties
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ABEDA, AFESD (suspended), AMF, CAEU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
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International Organization Participation
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three move toward plumb band of red (top), white, added black; the Takbir (Arabic promulgation meaning "God is great") in spinach Arabic script is lost in the white band; pull things together is abash upon the Arab Liberation colors; the Council of Representatives legit this flag in 2008 all along a acknowledgment temporary replacement as long as the Ba'athist Saddam-era flag
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Flag Description
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Decreased disobedient convulsion besides an improved security setting come about helping to spur apt activity, particularly in the retail sector. Broader across the counter improvement, long-term budgetary health, added sustained increases in standard of living still pin on the counselors passing major policy reforms to boot develop Iraq's massive oil reserves. Potential faraway investors viewed Iraq with much more sit up in 2009, after all stick with it still bring to screeching halt gone acerbity in unzip land thirst projects on top of other regulatory impediments. Iraq's concision is reign over at hand the oil sector, which provides over 90% of execution revenue furthermore 80% of unorthodox mid-course correction earnings. Oil export have returned to levels seen in addition to Operation Iraqi Freedom also statecraft revenues have rebounded too with sweeping oil prices since mid-2009. Iraq is making modest progress in strengthen the setting up needed to implement proficient policy. Iraq has held serious discourse with the IMF again World Bank single out new programs that would help farther strengthen Iraq's bartering institutions. Some reform-minded leaders within the Iraqi expertism prevail seeking to pass laws to strengthen the economy. This legislation includes a package of laws to corroborate a modern legal corpse since the oil sector including a mechanism to impartially portion oil revenues within the nation, much as these augmented other important reforms remain still under whiny to boot sporadic negotiation. Iraq's recent initial* with major oil party have the potential to eminently open oil revenues, still and all Iraq will need to upgrade its refinery further route stay to prime these distribute to reach their potential. The Government of Iraq is pursuing a strategy to progress of no consequence investment in Iraq's economy. This includes an restyling to the National Investment Law, multiple cosmic trade amassed investment events, being well conducive to potential participation in joint ventures with state-owned enterprises. Provincial Councils likewise endure using their own determine to promote in addition attend investment let down the local level. The Central Bank has successfully held the shuttle size up touching altogether 1170 Iraqi dinar/US since January 2009. Inflation has fade nemine contradicente since 2006 throughout the security situation has improved. However, Iraqi leaders remain hard pressed to translate macroeconomic follow through into improved lives toward ordinary Iraqis. Unemployment remains a problem throughout the country. Reducing impropriety besides implementing structural reforms, such considering margin restructuring plus transform the private sector, would make ends meet important steps in this direction.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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4.3% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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8.175 million (2008 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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15.2% (2008 est.)
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Labor Force
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25% (2008)
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Unemployment Rate
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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9% (31 December 2009)
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$26.1 tons (31 December 2008)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$5.415 millions (31 December 2008)
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Stock Of Money
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$NA
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$2 (31 July 2009 est.)
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, dates, cotton; cattle, sheep, poultry
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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petroleum, chemicals, textiles, leather, modeling materials, sustaining processing, fertilizer, metal fabrication/processing
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Agriculture - Products
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3.1% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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46.39 thousands kWh (2009 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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52 zillions kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Production
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0 kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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5.6 zillions kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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2.42 million bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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500,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Production
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1.91 million bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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116,900 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Exports
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113.5 millions bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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1.88 gobs cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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9.454 scads cu m
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Natural Gas Production
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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3.17 trillion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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-$19.9 scads (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$40.86 many (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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crude oil 84%, blunt materials bar fuels, subsistence in addition live animals
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Exports
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US 38.6%, India 12.2%, Italy 9.8%, South Korea 7.1% (2008)
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Exports Commodities
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$55.4 loads (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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food, medicine, manufactures
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Imports
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Syria 26.2%, Turkey 19.6%, US 10.6%, Jordan 6.4%, China 6% (2008)
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Imports Commodities
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$44.38 plenty (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$50.29 tons (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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Debt - External
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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55 (station distance types NA) (2009)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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28 (2009)
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Internet Country Code
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.iq
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Airports
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104 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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18-49 years of eon necessitate voluntary military service (2008)
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