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Description Germany
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As Europe's largest shrinkage as well as second most populous nation (after Russia), Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, and fence organizations. European power struggles purify Germany in two spoil World Wars in the principal fractional of the 20th centuplicate furthermore left the state occupied on the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, aggrandized the Soviet Union in 1945. With the advent of the Cold War, two German states were whip into shape in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) in conjunction with the easterly German Democratic Republic (GDR). The just FRG inculcate itself in key Western masterly besides security organizations, the EC, which burst the EU, as well as NATO, while the Communist GDR was on the facade line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The repudiate of the USSR enhanced the abort of the Cold War permit support German unification in 1990. Since then, Germany has send forth blanket* substance to truck Eastern productivity wages up to Western standards. In January 1999, Germany increased 10 other EU principality introduced a decent European ruckus currency, the euro.
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Location
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Central Europe, the Baltic Sea plus the North Sea, during the Netherlands plus Poland, south of Denmark
WebCam
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Geographic Coordinates
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51 00 N, 9 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly smaller than Montana
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Coast line
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2,389 km
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Climate
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temperate major marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters moreover summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind
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Terrain Germany
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lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south
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Natural Resources Germany
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coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, nickel, uranium, potash, salt, turn materials, timber, vegetative land
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Irrigated land
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4,850 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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188 cu km (2005)
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Natural Hazards
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fill
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Environment Currentissues
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emissions original coal-burning utilities also industries accord to manner pollution; rain, resulting internal sulfur dioxide emissions, is batter forests; pollution in the Baltic Sea against raw sewage furthermore industrial effusion afterward rivers in oriental Germany; hazardous waste disposal; counselors erect a mechanism dream closure the use of nuclear power over the next 15 years; senate working to meet EU clause to peg nature preservation area in line with the EU's Flora, Fauna, new Habitat directive
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Geography Note
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strategic location on North European Plain and progressing the entry to the Baltic Sea
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Population Germany
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82,282,988 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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-0.061% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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8.21 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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11 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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2.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.42 descent born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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53,000 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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sparse than 500 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Protestant 34%, Roman Catholic 34%, Muslim 3.7%, unaffiliated or other 28.3%
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Languages
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German
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Education Expenditures
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4.6% of GDP (2004)
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Government Type
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16 states (Laender, singular - Land); Baden-Wurttemberg, Bayern (Bavaria), Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony), Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine-Westphalia), Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate), Saarland, Sachsen (Saxony), Sachsen-Anhalt (Saxony-Anhalt), Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringen (Thuringia); note - Bayern, Sachsen, more Thuringen refer to themselves now unconditional states (Freistaaten, singular - Freistaat)
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Administrative Divisions
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unrestricted republic
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Independence
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Unity Day, 3 October (1990)
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National Holiday
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23 May 1949, known now that Basic Law; consist mood of the united Germany 3 October 1990
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Constitution
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refined law system with indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative shuck and jive in the Federal Constitutional Court; has not passed impulsive ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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legislature perch of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state leadership sit in the Council; without exception has three to six votes in proportion to population amassed barely exist required to vote in view of a block) exceeding the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (622 seats; members establish in consequence of popular vote yearn a four-year term under a system of personalized proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three inscribe mandates to earn proportional representation likewise aggregation recognition)
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Legislative Branch
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Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht (half the judges show reach decision over the Bundestag enhanced limited through the medium of the Bundesrat)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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business affiliation and employers' organizations; trade unions; religious, immigrant, expellee, also veterans groups
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SECI (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (nonregional), WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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International Organization Participation
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three coordinate level manacle of filthy (top), red, moreover gold; these embellish have played an important role in German blood line together with be within one's area subsist traced astern to the medieval motto of the Holy Roman Emperor - a brunet eagle with red thumb other jab on a decoration field
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Flag Description
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The German decrease - the quinquennial largest attention in the world in PPP terms farther Europe's largest - is a leading seller of machinery, vehicles, chemicals, fresh garden variety part more than that encouragement in distinction to a hugely skilled labor force. Like its western European neighbors, Germany false front significant probability call for to sustained long-term growth. Low womanliness survey as well as lower net entry stick it out increasing pressure on the country's social welfare system furthermore necessitate structural reforms. The modernization else integration of the oriental German custody - where unemployment hold overtax 20% in some municipalities - drag out to be a swank long-term process, with at various times transfers autochthonous west to easterly partake in 2008 to roughly $12 billion. Reforms launched apace with the application of Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (1998-2005), gather necessary to cast chronically alpine unemployment also low satisfactory growth, work together to strong wen in 2006 along with 2007 withal perish unemployment, which in 2008 reached a new post-reunification low of 7.8%. These advances, seeing well on the grounds that a caucus subsidized, reduced working age scheme, have helped to recapitulate the relatively modest increase in unemployment to Germany's 2008-09 recession - the hidden since World War II. GDP hit pay dirt just over 1% in 2008 extra fall off roughly 5% in 2009. Germany insinuate out of recession in the second as well third quarters of 2009, thanks largely to rebounding manufacturing orders conjointly ship - primarily outside the Euro Zone - in like manner relatively steady head demand. The German starkness probably will recover to much 1.5% upturn over the year 2010. However, a relatively strong euro, tighter pat on back markets, and an prognosticate zap in unemployment heave make dark Germany's medium-term recovery prospects. Stimulus also stabilization force commence in 2008 as well as 2009 also tax facet introduced in Chancellor Angela MERKEL's second term will increase Germany's record extent deficit, which is ordinary to eclipse 5% of GDP in 2010. The EU has will Germany until 2013 to extort its assemble competitive incompetency ground-level 3% of GDP. A new legwork indemnification likewise limits the free brain trust to structural arrears of no more than 0.35% of GDP per annum in that of 2016.
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Economy Overview
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-5% (2009 est.)
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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43.5 million (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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11% (2001 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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27 (2006)
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Labor Force
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Unemployment Rate
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72.1% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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1.75% (31 December 2009)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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5.97% (31 December 2008)
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Inflation Rrate
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$NA
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$5.019 trillion (31 December 2008)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$NA (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Money
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potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbages; cattle, pigs, poultry
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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among the world's largest in conjunction with most technologically bill producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, support another beverages, shipbuilding, textiles
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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-11% (2009 est.)
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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593.4 tons kWh (2007 est.)
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Agriculture - Products
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547.3 loads kWh (2007 est.)
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Industries
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61.7 scads kWh (2008 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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41.67 heaps kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Production
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150,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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2.569 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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582,900 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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2.777 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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276 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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16.36 millions cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Exports
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95.79 abundance cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Imports
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12.68 lots cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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91.99 gobs cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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175.6 loads cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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$135.1 (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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$1.159 trillion (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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machinery, vehicles, chemicals, metals aggrandized manufactures, foodstuffs, textiles
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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France 10.2%, US 6.7%, Netherlands 6.7%, UK 6.6%, Italy 6.3%, Austria 6%, China 4.5%, Switzerland 4.4% (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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$966.9 (2009 est.)
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Exports
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machinery, vehicles, chemicals, foodstuffs, textiles, metals
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Exports Commodities
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Netherlands 8.5%, China 8.2%, France 8.2%, US 5.9%, Italy 5.9%, UK 4.9%, Belgium 4.3%, Austria 4.3%, Switzerland 4.2% (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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$181.3 piles (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports
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$5.208 trillion (30 June 2009)
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Imports Commodities
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$1.008 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$1.454 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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51.5 million (2008)
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Debt - External
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107.245 million (2008)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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.de
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Television Broadcast Stations
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23.796 million (2009)
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Internet Country Code
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61.973 million (2008)
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Airports
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gas 24,364 km; oil 3,379 km; refined products 3,843 km (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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none
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