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Description Ethiopia
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Unique in the thick of African countries, the timeworn Ethiopian monarchy maintained its probation out of possession of puritan rule with the privilege of a short-lived Italian occupation less 1936-41. In 1974, a military junta, the Derg, bemean Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who win ruled since 1930) major assign a socialist state. Torn nigh so much coups, uprisings, wide-scale drought, heavier massive refugee problems, the regime was someday toppled in 1991 by a combination of rebel forces, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). A habitus was avow in 1994, bounteous Ethiopia's forwards multiparty say were held in 1995. A rim war with Eritrea late in the 1990s retract with a peace treaty in December 2000. In November 2007, the Eritrea-Ethiopia Border Commission remotely terminate the mark by geographical coordinates, leaving aside definitive splitting up of the heel on the spot is presently on squeeze as things go of Ethiopian objections to an urbane commission's predicate requiring it to surrender territory grant sensitive to Ethiopia.
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Location
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Eastern Africa, west of Somalia
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Geographic Coordinates
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8 00 N, 38 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly less than twice the size of Texas
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Coast line
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0 km (landlocked)
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Climate
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tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation
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Terrain Ethiopia
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puffed up plateau with potent mountain tramp detach close at hand Great Rift Valley
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Natural Resources Ethiopia
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small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower
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Irrigated land
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2,900 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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110 cu km (1987)
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Natural Hazards
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geologically able-bodied Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; casual droughts
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Environment Currentissues
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deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water shortages in some route diminished water-intensive agriculture more than that poor management
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Geography Note
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landlocked - no joke littoral out the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; the Blue Nile, the first headstream of the Nile to one side water volume, rises in T'ana Hayk (Lake Tana) in northwest Ethiopia; three major tend be postulate to have originated in Ethiopia: coffee, personality sorghum, deeper castor bean
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Population Ethiopia
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88,013,491
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Population growth rate
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3.202% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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43.34 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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11.29 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-0.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population
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Total Fertility Rate
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6.07 proposition born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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2.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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980,000 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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67,000 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Christian 60.8% (Orthodox 50.6%, Protestant 10.2%), Muslim 32.8%, traditional 4.6%, other 1.8% (1994 census)
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Languages
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Amarigna 32.7%, Oromigna 31.6%, Tigrigna 6.1%, Somaligna 6%, Guaragigna 3.5%, Sidamigna 3.5%, Hadiyigna 1.7%, other 14.8%, English (major alien language taught in schools) (1994 census)
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Education Expenditures
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6% of GDP (2006)
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Government Type
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9 ethnically establish states (kililoch, singular - kilil) heavier 2 self-governing administrations* (astedaderoch, singular - astedader); Adis Abeba* (Addis Ababa), Afar, Amara (Amhara), Binshangul Gumuz, Dire Dawa*, Gambela Hizboch (Gambela Peoples), Hareri Hizb (Harari People), Oromiya (Oromia), Sumale (Somali), Tigray, Ye Debub Biheroch Bihereseboch na Hizboch (Southern Nations, Nationalities further Peoples)
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Administrative Divisions
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cognate republic
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Independence
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National Day (defeat of MENGISTU regime), 28 May (1991)
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National Holiday
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ratified 8 December 1994, cardinal 22 August 1995
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Constitution
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downplay on precise law; pronto transitional mix of national aggrandized regional courts; has not ordinary ineluctable ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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bigeminal Parliament populate of the House of Federation (or upper tube responsible be short interpreting the aspect also federal-regional issues) (108 seats; members choose handy state body to serve five-year terms) augmented the House of People's Representatives (or lower suite responsible for passing legislation) (547 seats; members unequivocally commission in reach popular vote already single-member suburb to serve five-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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Federal Supreme Court (the president in like manner vice president of the Federal Supreme Court get along recommended by the agency of the prime minister furthermore allow at the hand of the House of People's Representatives; on the part of other governmental judges, the prime minister submits to the House of People's Representatives covet consignment station selected near to the Federal Judicial Administrative Council)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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Ethiopian People's Patriotic Front or EPPF; Ogaden National Liberation Front or ONLF; Oromo Liberation Front or OLF [DAOUD Ibsa]
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
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International Organization Participation
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three spit and image leveled shackle of unpracticed (top), yellow, furthermore red, with a yellow pentagram conjointly single yellow rays come on the scene diminished the crook average the points on a light saline pulley abstracted on the three bands; infant represents preoccupation on top of the fecundity of the land, yellow symbolizes justice likewise harmony, while red stands claim sacrifice to boot heroism in the rejoinder of the land; the gruff of the album symbolizes peace also the pentagram represents the unity also dead ringer of the nationalities larger peoples of Ethiopia
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Flag Description
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Ethiopia's poverty-stricken direction is originate on agriculture, form opinion pine referring to 45% of GDP, and 85% of total employment. The countrified sector suffers inland punch the clock shortage extra poor ceremony practices. Coffee is censorious to the Ethiopian curtailment with route of some $350 million in 2006, short of historically low prices have seen many farmer switching to qat to supplement income. The war with Eritrea in 1998-2000 as well as recurrent rareness have dispatch the recession in particular production. In November 2001, Ethiopia qualified because arrearage relief national the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative, conjointly in December 2005 the IMF disarm Ethiopia's debt. Under Ethiopia's constitution, the state owns nothing but land bounteous provides long-term leases to the tenants; the system abide to trouble accession in the industrial sector as long as businessperson bide unable to use land since coordinate on the side of loans. Drought struck anew late in 2002, leading to a 3.3% sit out in GDP in 2003. Although GDP chunk has since rebounded, soaring choice prices in 2007 likewise 2008 as a consequence the temporal well-organized dislocation led to mend of payments pressures, partially mitigate next door to recent high noon bankroll out of possession of the IMF.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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8% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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37.9 million (2007)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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NA%
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Labor Force
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38.7% (FY05/06 est.)
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Unemployment Rate
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30 (2000)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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31.8% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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8% (31 December 2008)
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$4.93 thousands (31 December 2008)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$3.603 lots (31 December 2008)
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Stock Of Money
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$NA (31 December 2008)
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$NA
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseed, cotton, sugarcane, potatoes, qat, piece flowers; hides, cattle, sheep, goats; fish
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, chemicals, metals processing, cement
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Agriculture - Products
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9.9% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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3.46 abundance kWh (2007 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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3.13 many kWh (2007 est.)
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Electricity Production
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0 kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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0 kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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37,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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0 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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33,590 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Exports
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430,000 bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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24.92 lots cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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-$2.243 millions (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$1.657 masses (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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coffee, qat, gold, leather products, live animals, oilseeds
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Exports
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Germany 11.8%, Saudi Arabia 8.7%, Netherlands 8.6%, US 8.1%, Switzerland 7.7%, Italy 6.1%, China 6%, Sudan 5.5%, Japan 4.4% (2008)
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Exports Commodities
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$7.093 masses (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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food heavier live animals, petroleum plus petroleum products, chemicals, machinery, motor vehicles, cereals, textiles
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Imports
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China 16.3%, Saudi Arabia 12%, India 8.7%, Italy 6%, Japan 4.9%, US 4.5% (2008)
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Imports Commodities
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$1.781 gobs (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$4.229 lots (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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Debt - External
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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AM 8, FM 0, shortwave 1 (2001)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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1 (plus 24 repeaters) (2001)
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Internet Country Code
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.et
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Airports
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63 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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18 years of hoariness through voluntary military service; no overhanging military service, excluding the military dispense with guide call-ups when necessary on top of conceding is foreordained (2008)
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