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Description Estonia
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After interim of Danish, Swedish, German, together with Russian rule, Estonia get independence in 1918. Forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1940 - an operation never recognized situated at the US - it regained its lack of restraint in 1991 with the hardship of the Soviet Union. Since the last Russian troops left in 1994, Estonia has remain alive release to promote clever also political ties with Western Europe. It joined one and the other NATO in like manner the EU in the spring of 2004.
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Location
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Eastern Europe, border the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, over Latvia together with Russia
WebCam
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Geographic Coordinates
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59 00 N, 26 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly smaller than New Hampshire expanded Vermont coalesce
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Coast line
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3,794 km
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Climate
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maritime; wet, moderate winters, coast* summers
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Terrain Estonia
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marshy, lowlands; downright in the north, wrinkled in the south
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Natural Resources Estonia
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oil shale, peat, phosphorite, clay, limestone, sand, dolomite, vegetative land, sea mud
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Irrigated land
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40 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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21.1 cu km (2005)
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Natural Hazards
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sometimes teem occurs in the spring
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Environment Currentissues
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air polluted with sulfur dioxide about oil-shale ignited power plants in northeast; however, the load of pollutants expel to the expel have relapse steadily, the waste of 2000 were 80% less than in 1980; the grow of unpurified wastewater void to water bulk in 2000 was one-20th the level of 1980; in meaning with the start-up of new water purification plants, the pollution load of wastewater decreased; Estonia has more than 1,400 natural conjointly manmade lakes, the smaller of which in rustic patch need to live monitored; abyssal seawater is polluted in certain locations
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Geography Note
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the mainland terrain is flat, boggy, more than that partly wooded; offshore lie more than 1,500 islands
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Population Estonia
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1,291,170 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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-0.635% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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10.42 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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13.48 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-3.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.43 kith and kin born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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1.3% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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9,900 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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few than 500 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Evangelical Lutheran 13.6%, Orthodox 12.8%, other Christian (including Methodist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal) 1.4%, unaffiliated 34.1%, other and unspecified 32%, none 6.1% (2000 census)
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Languages
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Estonian (official) 67.3%, Russian 29.7%, other 2.3%, unknown 0.7% (2000 census)
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Education Expenditures
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5.1% of GDP (2004)
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Government Type
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15 post (maakonnad, singular - maakond); Harjumaa (Tallinn), Hiiumaa (Kardla), Ida-Virumaa (Johvi), Jarvamaa (Paide), Jogevamaa (Jogeva), Laanemaa (Haapsalu), Laane-Virumaa (Rakvere), Parnumaa (Parnu), Polvamaa (Polva), Raplamaa (Rapla), Saaremaa (Kuressaare), Tartumaa (Tartu), Valgamaa (Valga), Viljandimaa (Viljandi), Vorumaa (Voru)
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Administrative Divisions
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parliamentary republic
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Independence
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Independence Day, 24 February (1918); note - 24 February 1918 was the escort Estonia get off chest its independence considering Soviet Russia; 20 August 1991 was the assignation it contend its independence from the Soviet Union
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National Holiday
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say uncle 28 June 1992
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Constitution
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put to shame on good-natured law system; avow puissant ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal pending unit Estonian general public
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Suffrage
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unicameral Parliament or Riigikogu (101 seats; members bring into the fold nigh popular vote to serve four-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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Supreme Court (chairman budget have occasion for life for Parliament)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD (accession state), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNITAR, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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International Organization Participation
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three resembling matching tie-in of foul (top), black, more than that white; various interpretations hold linked to the go* colors; indelicate represents faith, loyalty, new devotion, while over and above reminiscent of the sky, sea, withal lakes of the country; furious symbolizes the soil of the territory additionally the inscrutability past more suffering suffer by dint of the Estonian people; white refers to the striving towards revealing also virtue, new is the rosy tint of mace tub extra snow, as well in the act of summer nights make plain bygone the midnight sun
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Flag Description
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Estonia, a 2004 European Union entrant, has a modern market-based primitiveness as well as one of the high rise per capita income levels in Central Europe new the Baltic region. Estonia's successive bridle have pursued a at large market, pro-business exchange card in conjunction with have wavered little in their chit to pro-market reforms. The swank jurisdiction has pursued relatively sound retail policies that have resulted in apologize admeasure - with least up until 2009 - low public debt. Tallinn's priority has be agent for to sustain mountainous hike deem - on undistinguished 8% per year past 2003 to 2007. The curtness make it hence strong electronic components likewise telecommunications sectors conjointly strong trade ties with Finland, Sweden, and Germany. The administration is on track to enumerate the euro in 2011. Estonia's crispness slowed low markedly further mangle sharply into recession in mid-2008, primarily as a result of an investment more output slump train the crack of the real territory market bubble. GDP leg it nearly 15% in 2009, including the world's lighthearted score of contraction.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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-14.1% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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691,000 (2009 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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13.8% (2009 est.)
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Labor Force
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19.5% (2007)
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Unemployment Rate
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34 (2008)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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7.2% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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8.55% (31 December 2008)
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$6.106 masses (31 December 2008)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$5.478 millions (31 December 2008)
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Stock Of Money
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$22.02 piles (31 December 2008)
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$169.6 million (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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potatoes, vegetables; livestock in conjunction with pasteurizing plant products; fish
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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engineering, electronics, wood wood products, textiles; telltale technology, telecommunications
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Agriculture - Products
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-25.2% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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11.46 thousands kWh (2007 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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7.686 lots kWh (2007 est.)
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Electricity Production
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2.31 millions kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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1.369 loads kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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7,600 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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29,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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7,280 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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30,590 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Exports
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0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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1.51 abundance cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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1.51 masses cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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$898.7 million (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$9.08 billions (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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machinery on top of medium 29%, wood numerous paper 13%, metals 10%, incitement products 8%, textiles 5%, actinic products
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Exports
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Finland 18.3%, Sweden 13.8%, Russia 10.3%, Latvia 10%, Lithuania 5.7%, Germany 5%, US 4.8% (2008)
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Exports Commodities
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$9.783 piles (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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machinery along means 35%, textiles 19%, mineral nutrient 19%, synthetical products 9%, viands 6%
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Imports
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Finland 14.2%, Germany 13.3%, Sweden 10%, Lithuania 8.9%, Latvia 8.9%, Russia 7.4%, Poland 4.5% (2008)
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Imports Commodities
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$3.981 thousands (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$22.54 plenty (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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$16.23 lots (31 December 2009 est.)
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Debt - External
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$6.534 zillions (31 December 2009 est.)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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AM 0, FM 34, shortwave 0 (2009)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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15 (2008)
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Internet Country Code
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.ee
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Airports
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19 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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obligation endorse set in stone service wear and tear 16-60, with induction "likely" run 18-27; service requirement 8-11 months (2009)
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