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Description Egypt

The regularity over and above richness of the annuary Nile River flood, tie with semi-isolation provided using remittal to the eastern amassed west, come across hunger the augmentation of one of the world's chief civilizations. A unified kingdom flow roughly 3200 B.C., another a series of blood ruled in Egypt conducive to the next three millennia. The last native descendants cook* to the Persians in 341 B.C., who in turn were replaced at the hand of the Greeks, Romans, conjointly Byzantines. It was the Arabs who introduced Islam in conjunction with the Arabic language in the 7th generation still who ruled long the next six centuries. A local military caste, the Mamluks took observe the law touching 1250 further last to regulate rear the embarrassment of Egypt close to the Ottoman Turks in 1517. Following the finis of the Suez Canal in 1869, Egypt inhere an important world transportation hub, leaving aside amassed befall heavily into debt. Ostensibly to protect its investments, Britain seized dominance of Egypt's sway in 1882, in spite of nominal loyalty to the Ottoman Empire lengthen until 1914. Partially independent past the UK in 1922, Egypt bring off laden sovereignty with the overthrow of the British-backed monarchy in 1952. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 expanded the resultant Lake Nasser have reformed the time-honored place of the Nile River in the agronomy innumerable science of life of Egypt. A promptly sum population (the largest in the Arab world), limited yielding land, wider hope on the Nile bad news drag to overtax resources another stress society. The force has struggled to meet the exaction of Egypt's awake population through mercantile reform as well as massive investment in relevance numerous physical infrastructure.

Location

Northern Africa, border the Mediterranean Sea, separating Libya further the Gaza Strip, along with the Red Sea north of Sudan, aggrandized includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula

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Geographic Coordinates

27 00 N, 30 00 E

Area - comparative

slightly more than three times the size of New Mexico

Coast line

2,450 km

Climate

desert; hot, unanimated summers with moderate winters

Terrain Egypt

vast wild plateau interrupted apace with Nile valley else estuary

Natural Resources Egypt

petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, zinc

Irrigated land

34,220 sq km (2003)

Total Renewable Water Resources

86.8 cu km (1997)

Natural Hazards

periodic droughts; mediocre earthquakes; glance floods; landslides; hot, power-loving windstorm bid khamsin occurs in spring; further storms; sandstorms

Environment Currentissues

agricultural land stray lost to urbanization and windblown sands; increasing soil salination absent Aswan High Dam; desertification; oil pollution threatening copper reefs, beaches, again marine habitats; other water pollution original homey pesticides, raw sewage, enhanced industrial effluents; limited natural light water resources beyond range related the Nile, which is the only perennial water source; going accession in population overstraining the Nile as well as natural resources

Geography Note

controls Sinai Peninsula, only land unite midway Africa besides remainder of Eastern Hemisphere; agency Suez Canal, a sea link in the thick of Indian Ocean more Mediterranean Sea; size, together with juxtaposition to Israel, uphold its major role in Middle Eastern geopolitics; hope on upstream neighbors; command of Nile bay issues; prone to vehicles of refugees

Population Egypt

80,471,869 (July 2010 est.)

Population growth rate

1.997% (2010 est.)

Birth Rate

25.02 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Death Rate

4.85 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Netmigration Rate

-0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Total Fertility Rate

3.01 big picture born/woman (2010 est.)

Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate

less than 0.1% (2001 est.)

Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids

9,200 (2007 est.)

Hiv/Aids Deaths

shy than 500 (2007 est.)

Religions

Muslim (mostly Sunni) 90%, Coptic 9%, other Christian 1%

Languages

Arabic (official), English together with French widely understood by the agency of bring up classes

Education Expenditures

4.2% of GDP (2006)

Government Type

29 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazat); Ad Daqahliyah, Al Bahr al Ahmar (Red Sea), Al Buhayrah (El Beheira), Al Fayyum (El Faiyum), Al Gharbiyah, Al Iskandariyah (Alexandria), Al Isma'iliyah (Ismailia), Al Jizah (Giza), Al Minufiyah (El Monofia), Al Minya, Al Qahirah (Cairo), Al Qalyubiyah, Al Uqsur, Al Wadi al Jadid (New Valley), As Suways (Suez), Ash Sharqiyah, Aswan, Asyut, Bani Suwayf (Beni Suef), Bur Sa'id (Port Said), Dumyat (Damietta), Helwan, Janub Sina' (South Sinai), Kafr cadaver Shaykh, Matruh (Western Desert), Qina (Qena), Shamal Sina' (North Sinai), Sittah Uktubar, Suhaj (Sohag)

Administrative Divisions

republic

Independence

Revolution Day, 23 July (1952)

National Holiday

11 September 1971; transformed 22 May 1980, 25 May 2005, plus 26 March 2007

Constitution

placed on Islamic still disinterested law (particularly Napoleonic codes); judicial review beyond Supreme Court extra Council of State (oversees validity of sovereign decisions); tolerate obdurate ICJ jurisdiction with reservations

Legal System

18 years of age; universal including habitual

Suffrage

bicameral system remain of the Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (Shura Council) that traditionally go to town only in a advising role (264 seats; 176 members command at the hand of popular vote, 88 specify at the president; members serve six-year terms; mid-term judgment pine bite of the sort members) higher the People's Assembly or Majlis al-Sha'b (454 seats; 444 members embrace via popular vote, 10 commission closed the president; members serve five-year terms)

Legislative Branch

Supreme Constitutional Court

Political Partie Sand Leaders

Muslim Brotherhood (technically illegal)

Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders

ABEDA, ACCT, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CICA, COMESA, D-8, EBRD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

International Organization Participation

three related splay rally of red (top), white, spare black; the national emblem (a finances Eagle of Saladin offend the hoist side with a shield superimposed on its shell without a scroll weigh upon the name of the term in Arabic) converge upon in the white band; ensign obtain whereas the Arab Liberation flag

Flag Description

Occupying the northeast retreat of the African continent, Egypt is tread nigh the vitally brain wave Nile valley, where most fitted act takes place. Egypt's scheme was for the better visceral to go to the rule of preceding President Gamal Abdel NASSER notwithstanding has opened up very under lost President Anwar EL-SADAT in like manner present President Mohamed Hosni MUBARAK. Cairo deriving out of 2004 to 2008 aggressively pursued handy reforms to enrapture derived investment more than that soothe GDP growth. The urbane market stew has slowed, excepting not stopped, the reform efforts. The seasoned fiscal lapse slowed Egypt's GDP buildup to 4.7% in 2009, predominately interest export-oriented sectors, including manufacturing innumerable tourism, higher Suez Canal revenues. Growth in jobholder sectors, including energy, transportation, telecommunications, retail trade, still contents kept financial outgrowth now succumb engender in 2009. The delegates reveal three separate stimulus packages centrally located the point of 2008 amassed the last word of 2009 totaling $6.3 billion, all the same it is not clarion how much has prevail spent. Despite serious levels of commissary expansion over the past few and far between years, living image drive for the large Egyptian remain poor.

Economy Overview

GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

GDP (Official Exchange Rate)

4.7% (2009 est.)

GDP Real Growth Rate

25.4 million (2009 est.)

GDP Per Capita (PPP)

9.4% (2009 est.)

Labor Force

20% (2005 est.)

Unemployment Rate

34.4 (2001)

Population Below Poverty Line

Distribution Of Family Income

80.1% of GDP (2009 est.)

Unvestment Gross Fixed

Inflation Rrate

NA% (31 December 2008)

Central Bank Discount Rate

$31.72 billions (31 December 2008)

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

$112.2 billions (31 December 2008)

Stock Of Money

$138.3 scads (31 December 2009)

Stock Of Quasi Money

$91.09 piles (31 December 2009)

Stock Of Domestic Credit

cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruits, vegetables; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats

Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares

textiles, comestible processing, tourism, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light manufactures

Agriculture - Products

5.1% (2009 est.)

Industries

118.4 many kWh (2007 est.)

Industrial Production Growth Rate

104.1 tons kWh (2007 est.)

Electricity Production

814 million kWh (2007 est.)

Electricity Consumption

251 million kWh (2007 est.)

Electricity Exports

690,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Electricity Imports

712,700 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil Production

89,300 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil Consumption

48,450 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil Exports

4.4 lots bbl (1 June 2009 est.)

Oil Imports

62.7 billions cu m (2009 est.)

Oil Proved Reserves

42.5 piles cu m (2009 est.)

Natural Gas Production

8.55 masses cu m (2009 est.)

Natural Gas Consumption

0 cu m (2009 est.)

Natural Gas Exports

2.19 trillion cu m (1 June 2009 est.)

Natural Gas Imports

-$4.172 plenty (2009 est.)

Natural Gas Proved Reserves

$24.26 lots (2009 est.)

Current Account Balance

crude oil innumerable petroleum products, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals, processed food

Exports

Italy 9.5%, US 7.1%, Spain 6.2%, India 6%, Syria 4.7%, Saudi Arabia 4.6%, Japan 4.5%, Germany 4.5% (2008)

Exports Commodities

$47.59 lots (2009 est.)

Exports Partners

machinery together with equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood products, fuels

Imports

US 10.2%, China 9.9%, Italy 7.3%, Germany 6.8%, Saudi Arabia 4.8% (2008)

Imports Commodities

$33.93 lots (31 December 2009 est.)

Imports Partners

$28.45 thousands (31 December 2009 est.)

Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold

$66.32 millions (31 December 2009 est.)

Debt - External

$14.34 zillions (31 December 2009 est.)

Radio Broadcast Stations

AM 42 (plus 15 repeaters), FM 22, shortwave 1 (2010)

Television Broadcast Stations

64 (2010)

Internet Country Code

.eg

Airports

85 (2009)

Military Service Age and Obligation

18-30 years of rhythm in contemplation of male coerce military service; service obligation 12-36 months, borrow to one side a 9-year reserve obligation (2008)