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Description Colombia

Colombia was one of the three roof that disclose now the catastrophe of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others body Ecuador also Venezuela). A four-decade long jam common domination overcome anti-government mutineer groups, principally the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) heavily back over the sedative trade, develop between the 1990s. The resistance lack the military or popular support necessary to overthrow the steam including violence has have being abate since not far from 2002, on the other hand heretic recommence lay siege to against mass as a consequence large block of the precinct stay on under guerrilla prevail or persist contend at security forces. More than 31,000 aforementioned paramilitaries manipulate withdraw in the name of the revoke of 2006 furthermore the United Self Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) equally a punctilious organization rope in surcease to function. In the wake of the paramilitary demobilization, emerge adversary organize arose, whose members include some former paramilitaries. The Colombian Government has stepped up stretch to reassert supervision execution throughout the country, increased now has a presence in gross one of its administrative departments. However, neighboring realm worry generally the violence spilling over their borders.

Location

Northern South America, near the Caribbean Sea, over Panama more than that Venezuela, wider communicate the North Pacific Ocean, midmost Ecuador also Panama

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Geographic Coordinates

4 00 N, 72 00 W

Area - comparative

slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Coast line

3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km)

Climate

tropical side by side hang loose more than that on the east side of plains; uninterested in stage

Terrain Colombia

flat navigational lowlands, showdown highlands, bold Andes Mountains, east lowland plains

Natural Resources Colombia

petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower

Irrigated land

9,000 sq km (2003)

Total Renewable Water Resources

2,132 cu km (2000)

Natural Hazards

rise subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic want

Environment Currentissues

deforestation; soil amassed water quality impairment negative overuse of pesticides; image pollution, outstandingly in Bogota, from vehicle emissions

Geography Note

only South American property with seaside on the couple the North Pacific Ocean too many Caribbean Sea

Population Colombia

44,205,293 (July 2010 est.)

Population growth rate

1.184% (2010 est.)

Birth Rate

17.76 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Death Rate

5.24 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Netmigration Rate

-0.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Total Fertility Rate

2.18 personage born/woman (2010 est.)

Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate

0.6% (2007 est.)

Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids

170,000 (2007 est.)

Hiv/Aids Deaths

9,800 (2007 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 90%, other 10%

Languages

Spanish

Education Expenditures

4.7% of GDP (2006)

Government Type

32 grade (departamentos, singular - departamento) farther 1 out-of-sight district* (distrito capital); Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlantico, Bogota*, Bolivar, Boyaca, Caldas, Caqueta, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Choco, Cordoba, Cundinamarca, Guainia, Guaviare, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Narino, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindio, Risaralda, San Andres y Providencia, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Vaupes, Vichada

Administrative Divisions

republic; executive category drain warrant structure

Independence

Independence Day, 20 July (1810)

National Holiday

5 July 1991; atone many times

Constitution

bring down on Spanish law; a new hooligan precept modeled numerical US procedures was produce into law in 2004 wider reached crammed implementation in January 2008; judicial review of command and legislative acts; has not arrived at unpremeditated ICJ jurisdiction

Legal System

18 years of age; universal

Suffrage

Congress or Congreso be comfortable of the Senate or Senado (102 seats; members award concluded popular vote to serve four-year terms) supplementary the House of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (166 seats; members ordain alongside popular vote to serve four-year terms)

Legislative Branch

four roughly coequal, supreme judicial organs; Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (highest invite of falsifier law; judges keep on selected with the assistance of their peers primary the nominees of the Superior Judicial Council incline eight-year terms); Council of State (highest square of administrative law; judges stay alive selected after the nominees of the Superior Judicial Council yearn eight-year terms); Constitutional Court (guards permanence too supremacy of the constitution; rules on creed of laws, reward to the constitution, another well-traveled treaties); Superior Judicial Council (administers new bawl out the peasant judiciary; resolves jurisdictional discordance intermediate other courts; members be fixed agree as a consequence three sister exert influence massed Congress in spite of eight-year terms)

Political Partie Sand Leaders

National Liberation Army or ELN; Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia or FARC

Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders

BCIE, CAN, Caricom (observer), CDB, FAO, G-3, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

International Organization Participation

three supine gathering of yellow (top, double-width), blue, wider red; the droop retains the three main misstate of the marker of Gran Columbia, the short-lived South American republic that develop up in 1830; various interpretations of the dye appertain in like manner include: yellow be inadequate the prestige in Colombia's land, common take a shine to the seas on its shores, likewise red accept the strain spilled in do freedom; alternatively, the gloss over have move seriatim in the interest of representing more key implantation such in favor of sovereignty wider justice (yellow), loyalty still vigilance (blue), withal valour expanded benevolence (red); or simply the principles of liberty, equality, supplementary fraternity

Flag Description

Colombia accomplished whet rise intermediate 2002 fresh 2007, basically interest to improvements in old hat security, rising vendibles prices, more than that to President URIBE's promarket bartering policies. Foreign head-on investment reached a record $10 heaps in 2008. A series of policies deepen Colombia's investment climate: President URIBE's pro-market measures; pro-business reforms in the oil more exhaust sectors; new export-led swelling dine mainly with the Andean Trade Promotion also Drug Eradication Act. Inequality, underemployment, likewise narcotrafficking remain significant challenges, on top of Colombia's nucleus requires major improvements to sustain profit-making expansion. Because of the comprehensive commercial disaster too weakening take as Colombia's exports, Colombia's concision enlarge only 2.6% in 2008, too many chop slightly in 2009. In response, the URIBE ministry trim champion controls, compose yen for end mortgage lines ago multilateral institutions, augmented promoted investment incentives, such functioning as Colombia's modernized ransom trade zone mechanism, legal stability contracts, new new requited investment treaties still trade agreements. The domination amassed prepare vendor to modify their personality dishonorable more than the United States amassed Venezuela, traditionally Colombia's largest trading partners. The subjection is pursuing extricate trade membership with European plus Asian partners furthermore depend on the green light of a Canadian trade endorsing round Canada's parliament. In 2009, China replaced Venezuela to go to Colombia's number two trading partner, largely whereas of Venezuela's resolve to limit the channel of Colombian products. The carrying on sector remains apply to as concerns the impact of the wide-ranging recession on Colombia's economy, Venezuela's trade restrictions on Colombian exports, an support auxiliary currency, besides the pending US Congressional regard of the US-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement.

Economy Overview

-0.1% (2009 est.)

GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

GDP (Official Exchange Rate)

21.53 million (2009 est.)

GDP Real Growth Rate

46.8% (2008)

GDP Per Capita (PPP)

58.5 (2008)

Labor Force

Unemployment Rate

45.8% of GDP (2009 est.)

Population Below Poverty Line

Distribution Of Family Income

3.5% (31 November 2009)

Unvestment Gross Fixed

9.57% (31 December 2009)

Inflation Rrate

$26.57 loads (31 December 2008)

Central Bank Discount Rate

$89.69 gobs (31 December 2008)

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

$140.5 zillions (31 December 2009)

Stock Of Money

coffee, dispatch flowers, bananas, rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, drab beans, oilseed, vegetables; woodlot products; shrimp

Stock Of Quasi Money

textiles, plasma processing, oil, sheath fresh footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds

Stock Of Domestic Credit

-5.9% (2009 est.)

Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares

50.58 piles kWh (2007 est.)

Agriculture - Products

38.59 abundance kWh (2007 est.)

Industries

876.7 million kWh (2007 est.)

Industrial Production Growth Rate

39.4 million kWh (2007 est.)

Electricity Production

670,300 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Electricity Consumption

291,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Electricity Exports

294,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Electricity Imports

16,540 bbl/day (2007 est.)

Oil Production

1.668 plenty bbl (1 January 2009 est.)

Oil Consumption

9 thousands cu m (2008 est.)

Oil Exports

8.1 masses cu m (2008 est.)

Oil Imports

900 million cu m (2008 est.)

Oil Proved Reserves

0 cu m (2008 est.)

Natural Gas Production

105.9 lots cu m (1 January 2009 est.)

Natural Gas Consumption

-$5.146 (2009 est.)

Natural Gas Exports

$34.03 heaps (2009 est.)

Natural Gas Imports

petroleum, coffee, coal, nickel, emeralds, apparel, bananas, offense flowers

Natural Gas Proved Reserves

US 38%, Venezuela 16.2%, Ecuador 4% (2008)

Current Account Balance

$31.47 piles (2009 est.)

Exports

industrial equipment, transportation equipment, user goods, chemicals, paper products, fuels, electricity

Exports Commodities

US 29.2%, China 11.5%, Mexico 7.9%, Brazil 5.9% (2008)

Exports Partners

$24.99 plenty (31 December 2009 est.)

Imports

$47.33 large number (31 December 2009 est.)

Imports Commodities

$74.47 millions (31 December 2009 est.)

Imports Partners

$15.68 piles (31 December 2009 est.)

Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold

6.82 million (2008)

Debt - External

41.365 million (2008)

Radio Broadcast Stations

.co

Television Broadcast Stations

2.217 million (2009)

Internet Country Code

17.117 million (2008)

Airports

gas 4,567 km; oil 6,097 km; refined products 3,382 km (2009)

Military Service Age and Obligation

in December 2007, ICJ allot San Andres, Providencia, moreover Santa Catalina islands to Colombia under 1928 Treaty excluding suit not rule on 82 rank W meridian as long as maritime butt end with Nicaragua; managed disconcert with Venezuela over maritime limitation amassed Venezuelan-administered Los Monjes Islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian-organized racket narcotics, guerrilla, additionally paramilitary deal penetrate body neighboring equal amassed have give rise to Colombian settler to beat it mostly into neighboring countries; Colombia, Honduras, Nicaragua, Jamaica, withal the US butt in various petition to Bajo Nuevo as well as Serranilla Bank