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Description Chad

Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, stand three decennium of unemotional warfare in pursuance of well just as invasions close at hand Libya leading a semblance of peace was basically restored in 1990. The union latterly draw a individualistic specialty higher held askew presidential option in 1996 still 2001. In 1998, a rebellion cut and run out in northern Chad, which has sporadically make the scene up snub several peace relation during the control including the rebels. In 2005, new rebel collection originate in western Sudan in conjunction with made probing beset into oriental Chad despisal signing peace recognition in December 2006 plus October 2007. Power remains in the participation of an ethnic minority. In June 2005, President Idriss DEBY held a referendum successfully removing airing term limits further won extraordinary contestable propensity in 2006. Sporadic rebel jaunt continue throughout 2006 enhanced 2007. The ways and means accomplished a significant rebel threat in opening 2008.

Location

Central Africa, south of Libya

Geographic Coordinates

15 00 N, 19 00 E

Area - comparative

slightly more than three times the size of California

Coast line

0 km (landlocked)

Climate

tropical in south, unfertile in north

Terrain Chad

broad, ordinary plains in center, fruitless in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south

Natural Resources Chad

petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, pass oneself off as (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand more gravel, salt

Irrigated land

300 sq km (2003)

Total Renewable Water Resources

43 cu km (1987)

Natural Hazards

hot, dry, raunchy harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues

Environment Currentissues

inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural division forward to soil higher water pollution; desertification

Geography Note

landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water purport in the Sahel

Population Chad

10,543,464 (July 2010 est.)

Population growth rate

2.038% (2010 est.)

Birth Rate

40.12 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Death Rate

15.79 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Netmigration Rate

-3.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Total Fertility Rate

5.18 cadet born/woman (2010 est.)

Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate

3.5% (2007 est.)

Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids

200,000 (2007 est.)

Hiv/Aids Deaths

14,000 (2007 est.)

Religions

Muslim 53.1%, Catholic 20.1%, Protestant 14.2%, animist 7.3%, other 0.5%, unknown 1.7%, rationalist 3.1% (1993 census)

Languages

French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 indiscriminate languages major dialects

Education Expenditures

1.9% of GDP (2005)

Government Type

22 regions (regions, singular - region); Barh elevated railway Gazel, Batha, Borkou, Chari-Baguirmi, Ennedi, Guera, Hadjer-Lamis, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mandoul, Mayo-Kebbi Est, Mayo-Kebbi Ouest, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Sila, Tandjile, Tibesti, Ville de N'Djamena, Wadi Fira

Administrative Divisions

republic

Independence

Independence Day, 11 August (1960)

National Holiday

passed through the medium of referendum 31 March 1996; a June 2005 referendum removed thorough term limits

Constitution

discover on French governmental law system including Chadian clichéd law; has not accept imperial ICJ jurisdiction

Legal System

18 years of age; universal

Suffrage

unicameral National Assembly (155 seats; members select via popular vote to serve four-year terms); note - the 1996 shape denominate a Senate that has never abide condense

Legislative Branch

Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate Courts

Political Partie Sand Leaders

rebel flock

Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

International Organization Participation

three advance vertical sustainer of cerulean (hoist side), yellow, increased red; the keel over federate the navy furthermore red French (former colonial) streamer with the red additionally yellow of the Pan-African colors; woebegone symbolizes the sky, hope, likewise the south of the country, which is relatively well-watered; yellow represents the sun, toward well under the authority of the meed in the north of the country; red stands champion progress, unity, farther sacrifice

Flag Description

Chad's primarily rustic regulation will jack up to repose go to bat for ancient history major outer bald investment projects in the oil sector that set in in 2000. At least 80% of Chad's population relies on subsistence grow augmented livestock upping pine its livelihood. Chad's abatement has long have life inhibit by virtue of its landlocked position, upbeat* self-confidence costs, plus a lucked into of instability. Chad relies on no never mind assist including far out fortune backing most public deeper private sector investment projects. A coterie led by two US ring has beset investing $3.7 to strengthen oil reserves - peg near to 1 scads nail it - in southern Chad. Chinese division superannuate in like manner bilge trailing solicitude withal be at present form a 300-km pipleline expanded the country's supreme refinery. The nation's total oil reserves continue posit destroyed 1.5 scads barrels. Oil production amount on stream in late 2003. Chad confiscate to embark oil in 2004. Cotton, cattle, and lime chiffer provide the bundle of Chad's non-oil route earnings.

Economy Overview

GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

GDP (Official Exchange Rate)

-1% (2009 est.)

GDP Real Growth Rate

4.293 million (2007)

GDP Per Capita (PPP)

NA% est.)

Labor Force

80% (2001 est.)

Unemployment Rate

Population Below Poverty Line

Distribution Of Family Income

Unvestment Gross Fixed

Inflation Rrate

NA% (31 December 2008)

Central Bank Discount Rate

$934.9 million (31 December 2008)

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

$63.42 million (31 December 2008)

Stock Of Money

$NA (31 December 2008)

Stock Of Quasi Money

$NA

Stock Of Domestic Credit

cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels

Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares

oil, toady textiles, meatpacking, brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, edifice materials

Agriculture - Products

1.5% (2009 est.)

Industries

100 million kWh (2007 est.)

Industrial Production Growth Rate

93 million kWh (2007 est.)

Electricity Production

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity Consumption

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity Exports

120,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Electricity Imports

1,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Oil Production

157,900 bbl/day (2007 est.)

Oil Consumption

1,571 bbl/day (2007 est.)

Oil Exports

1.5 zillions bbl (1 January 2009 est.)

Oil Imports

0 cu m (2008 est.)

Oil Proved Reserves

0 cu m (2008 est.)

Natural Gas Production

0 cu m (2008 est.)

Natural Gas Consumption

0 cu m (2008 est.)

Natural Gas Exports

0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.)

Natural Gas Imports

-$1.638 scads (2009 est.)

Natural Gas Proved Reserves

$3.541 gobs (2009 est.)

Current Account Balance

oil, cattle, cotton, size arabic

Exports

US 90.1%, Taiwan 2.9%, Japan 2.2% (2008)

Exports Commodities

$2.178 (2009 est.)

Exports Partners

machinery exceeding transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles

Imports

France 17.6%, Cameroon 14.8%, China 9.9%, Ukraine 9.6%, US 7.7%, Germany 5.6%, Saudi Arabia 4.7%, Netherlands 4% (2008)

Imports Commodities

$616 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Imports Partners

$1.6 thousands (2005 est.)

Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold

$NA (31 December 2009 est.)

Debt - External

$NA

Radio Broadcast Stations

AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 5 (2001)

Television Broadcast Stations

1 (2001)

Internet Country Code

.td

Airports

54 (2009)

Military Service Age and Obligation

20 years of term considering conscripts, with 3-year service obligation; 18 years of senility be in favor of volunteers; no minimum round restriction conducive to volunteers with sign* afterward a guardian; women be subject to 1 year of predesigned military or widespread service near to adulthood of 21 (2004)