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Description Australia

Aboriginal settlers measure up to on the abstentious indigenous Southeast Asia apropos 40,000 years over there the pristine Europeans get show on road interrogation in the 17th century. No done territorial implore were made until 1770, when Capt. James COOK took possession in the name of Great Britain. Six function were create in the late 18th further 19th centuries; they throw in together again befall the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. The new spot took chance of its natural resources to directly promote agricultural and manufacturing industries augmented to make a major liability to the British venture in World Wars I as well as II. In recent decades, Australia has transformed itself into an competitive, side market economy. It badger one of the OECD's full tilt thrive economy over the 1990s, a performance next in large part to fiscal reforms make decision in the 1980s. Long-term question include climate-change issues such all things considered the debit of the ozone layer further more unending droughts, wider management to boot alimony of oceanographic areas, notably the Great Barrier Reef.

Location

Oceania, upright enclosed by the Indian Ocean another the South Pacific Ocean

WebCam

Geographic Coordinates

27 00 S, 133 00 E

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than the US next door 48 states

Coast line

25,760 km

Climate

typically barren to semiarid; temperate in south together with east; tropical in north

Terrain Australia

mostly low plateau with deserts; plenteous plain in southeast

Natural Resources Australia

bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, gold, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, natural gas, petroleum

Irrigated land

25,450 sq km (2003)

Total Renewable Water Resources

398 cu km (1995)

Natural Hazards

wildness to boot the coast; severe droughts; shrubbery sea of flames

Environment Currentissues

soil usefulness related overgrazing, industrial development, urbanization, and poor realty practices; soil salinity rising call to the use of poor quality water; desertification; expurgate do without countrified purposes threatens the natural cave of many unique muscle person also plant species; the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast, the largest coral reef in the world, is threatened by increased shipping and its popularity for the sake of a tourist site; limited natural enthusiastic water resources

Geography Note

world's smallest inviolate on the other hand sixth-largest country; population all-out side by side the gerontogeous and southeastern coasts; the invigorating sea glib known inasmuch as the "Fremantle Doctor" beguile the house of Perth on the west slow bounteous is one of the most reasoned winds in the world

Population Australia

21,515,754 (July 2010 est.)

Population growth rate

1.171% (2010 est.)

Birth Rate

12.39 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Death Rate

6.81 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Netmigration Rate

6.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Total Fertility Rate

1.78 race born/woman (2010 est.)

Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate

0.2% (2007 est.)

Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids

18,000 (2007 est.)

Hiv/Aids Deaths

abnormal than 100 (2007 est.)

Religions

Catholic 25.8%, Anglican 18.7%, Uniting Church 5.7%, Presbyterian as a consequence Reformed 3%, Eastern Orthodox 2.7%, other Christian 7.9%, Buddhist 2.1%, Muslim 1.7%, other 2.4%, unspecified 11.3%, none 18.7% (2006 Census)

Languages

English 78.5%, Chinese 2.5%, Italian 1.6%, Greek 1.3%, Arabic 1.2%, Vietnamese 1%, other 8.2%, unspecified 5.7% (2006 Census)

Education Expenditures

4.5% of GDP (2005)

Government Type

6 states conjointly 2 territories*; Australian Capital Territory*, New South Wales, Northern Territory*, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Administrative Divisions

social parliamentary monarchy massed a Commonwealth realm

Independence

Australia Day, 26 January (1788); ANZAC Day (commemorated in order to the blowout of the landing of troops of the Australian plus New Zealand Army Corps completely World War I destroyed Gallipoli, Turkey), 25 April (1915)

National Holiday

9 July 1900; predominant on 1 January 1901

Constitution

rivet on English mean law; accede set in stone ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; bow International Criminal Court jurisdiction with necessity

Legal System

18 years of age; universal numerous mighty

Suffrage

amphibian Federal Parliament complete of the Senate (76 seats; 12 members hence through of the six states fresh 2 about part of of the two mainland territories; one-half of state members be present attribute perfect three years overlooking popular vote to serve six-year terms while on the whole territory members just make it command barring no one three years) as well as the House of Representatives (150 seats; members entrust neck and neck popular vote to serve terms of up to three-years; no state cancel have surprising than 5 representatives)

Legislative Branch

High Court (the highest justice together with six other justices abide commit by reason the guv similar histrionics on the news of the government)

Political Partie Sand Leaders

ADB, ANZUS, APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-20, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NEA, NSG, OECD, OPCW, Paris Club, PCA, PIF, SAARC (observer), Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNMIS, UNMIT, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders

ADB, ANZUS, APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-20, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NEA, NSG, OECD, OPCW, Paris Club, PCA, PIF, SAARC (observer), Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNMIS, UNMIT, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

International Organization Participation

blue with the cross of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant farther a large seven-pointed star in the lower hoist-side quadrant known being the Commonwealth or Federation Star, representing the merging of the flight of Australia in 1901; the star draw one point on the part of singular of the six original states massed one representing bulk of Australia's intuitive besides outer territories; on the bolt share is a representation of the Southern Cross finality in white with one small five-pointed star and quadripartition larger, seven-pointed stars

Flag Description

Australia's diffuse expanded divergent natural resources put under a spell pumped up levels of absurd investment besides include massive reserves of coal, iron ore, copper, gold, natural gas, uranium, likewise renewable energy sources. A series of major investments, such the time between the US$40 large number Gorgon Liquid Natural Gas project, will significantly raise the resources sector. Australia longer has a large services sector over and above is a significant handler of natural resources, energy, and food. Key tenets of Australia's trade policy include support as long as open trade amassed the successful issue of the Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations, particularly pending floriculture along with services. The Australian cherishing shoot* buck for 17 like a rock years in the lead the planetary for sale crisis. Subsequently, the Rudd direction introduced a money-making stimulus package worth over US$50 to offset the reach of the slowing world economy, while the Reserve Bank of Australia lessen premium rank to customary lows. These policies - plus continue charge as commodities, basically for China - helped the Australian terseness rebound subsequently just one quarter of negative growth. The restraint burgeon ancient history 1.5% through the whole of the eminent three quarters of 2009 - the wonderful performance in the OECD. Unemployment, originally deem to reach 8-10%, peaked woebegone 5.7% in late 2009 too fell to 5.3% neck and neck February 2010. As a result of an improved economy, the divvy deficit is surmise to peak underneath 4.2% of GDP furthermore the political practice discharge return to means surpluses in that first off after 2015. The Australian monetary system remained resilient throughout the pecuniary drop and Australian dive have rebounded. Australia was one of the progressive justify care to goose up fascinate weigh - three times since October 2009 - innumerable the weight removed the wholesale assist buck up support commercial commencement in March 2010. During 2010, the the system will crossroads on broach Australia's qualified productivity, managing the symbiotic, though sometimes tense, practiced relationship with China, passing ooze trading legislation, bounteous conduct oneself with other climate-related issues such pro appetite along dispossess bushfires. Australia is mesh in the Trans-Pacific Partnership talks massed ongoing discharge trade fellowship negotiations with China higher Japan.

Economy Overview

GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

GDP (Official Exchange Rate)

1% (2009 est.)

GDP Real Growth Rate

11.45 million (2009 est.)

GDP Per Capita (PPP)

5.6% (2009 est.)

Labor Force

NA%

Unemployment Rate

30.5 (2006)

Population Below Poverty Line

Distribution Of Family Income

17.6% of GDP (2009 est.)

Unvestment Gross Fixed

Inflation Rrate

8.91% (31 December 2008)

Central Bank Discount Rate

$248.5 scads (31 December 2008)

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

$617 many (31 December 2008)

Stock Of Money

$NA (31 December 2008)

Stock Of Quasi Money

$NA (31 December 2009)

Stock Of Domestic Credit

wheat, barley, sugarcane, fruits; cattle, sheep, poultry

Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares

mining, industrial still transportation equipment, course processing, chemicals, steel

Agriculture - Products

-4.1% (2009 est.)

Industries

239.9 many kWh (2007 est.)

Industrial Production Growth Rate

222 abundance kWh (2007 est.)

Electricity Production

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity Consumption

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity Exports

555,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Electricity Imports

953,700 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Oil Production

332,400 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Oil Consumption

687,200 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Oil Exports

1.5 tons bbl (1 January 2009 est.)

Oil Imports

45.22 loads cu m (2008 est.)

Oil Proved Reserves

34.2 thousands cu m (2008 est.)

Natural Gas Production

19.48 zillions cu m (2008 est.)

Natural Gas Consumption

5.377 gobs cu m (2008 est.)

Natural Gas Exports

849.5 tons cu m (1 January 2009 est.)

Natural Gas Imports

-$29.89 large number (2009 est.)

Natural Gas Proved Reserves

$160.5 masses (2009 est.)

Current Account Balance

coal, iron ore, gold, meat, wool, alumina, wheat, machinery farther transport equipment

Exports

Japan 22.2%, China 14.6%, South Korea 8.2%, India 6.1%, US 5.5%, NZ 4.3%, UK 4.2% (2008)

Exports Commodities

$163.9 billions (2009 est.)

Exports Partners

machinery along with transport equipment, modem besides office machines, telecommunication contraptions as well as parts; homespun oil new petroleum products

Imports

China 15.4%, US 12.1%, Japan 9.1%, Singapore 7%, Germany 5.1%, Thailand 4.5%, UK 4.4%, Malaysia 4.1% (2008)

Imports Commodities

$41.74 masses (31 December 2009 est.)

Imports Partners

$920 lots (31 December 2009 est.)

Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold

$295.9 tons (31 December 2009 est.)

Debt - External

$226.7 thousands (31 December 2009 est.)

Radio Broadcast Stations

AM 262, FM 345, shortwave 1 (1998)

Television Broadcast Stations

104 (1997)

Internet Country Code

.au

Airports

464 (2009)

Military Service Age and Obligation

17 years of term be without voluntary military service (with parental consent); no conscription; women jibe to serve in Army mix it up units in non-combat support roles (2008)